摘要
北魏官制是北族与华夏两个传统遭遇、碰撞、调适的结果,时代越早,其中的北族特性与相对于汉晋制度的特殊性就越明显。由侍臣、内职与外臣组成的圈层构造是北魏前期最根本的官僚组织形式,从道武帝初登代王之位到孝文帝迁洛前夕,该体系长期存在。根据这一认识,结合《文成帝南巡碑》碑阴题名的材料,可使侍中、内羽真、殿中尚书、内都幢将、内阿干等"内侍之官"的面貌更为清晰,内职武卫的等级序列与统辖关系也可以复原。侍臣、内职与外臣的体系在政治生活的诸多层面都发挥着作用,皇帝亦将其作为操纵官僚集团的框架。这对理解北魏前期的国家体制具有重要意义。
The bureaucratic system of Northern Wei resulted from the encounter,clash,and reconciliation between two traditions of Beizu 北族(the nomads of North China)and Huaxia华夏.The character of Beizu was more obvious in the earlier times of Northern Wei.The layered structure composed of Shichen,Neizhi,and Waichen was the most fundamental form of the bureaucratic system in the early Northern Wei.The system had always existed from the time when Emperor Daowu ascended to the throne of Dai kingship,to the time before Emperor Xiaowen's relocation of the capital to Luoyang.Based on the above understand and the inscriptions on the back of the Commemorative Stele of Emperor Wencheng's Southern Tour 文成帝南巡碑,this paper clarified the connotation of many Shichen titles,such as Shizhong 侍中,Dianzhong Shangshu 殿中尚书,Nei Duchuangjiang内都幢将,Nei'akan 内阿干,etc.Meanwhile,the hierarchical order and the governmental relationship of Neizhi Wuwei内职武卫 could be restored.The system of Shichen,Neizhi,and Waichen played an important role in various aspects of political life.As for emperors,they also used this system as instrument to control their bureaucrats.This is extremely significant for understanding the governance in the early Northern Wei Dynasty.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第3期83-99,125-126,共17页
Ethno-National Studies
关键词
北魏前期
官僚结构
《文成帝南巡碑》北族
the early Nothern Wei
bureaucratic system
Commemorative Stele of Emperor Wencheng's Southern Tour
Beizu