摘要
中国是粟、黍的起源地,但受植物遗存保存状况及研究方法的限制,对粟类旱作农业起源与驯化的时间、地点、种类、过程等的认识仍然存在不同观点。植硅体分析为准确鉴定粟、黍及其野生祖本和亲缘物种提供了新的途径。本文总结了近几年来针对粟、黍种子稃片植硅体研究取得的新进展,获得以下认识:1)进一步明确了稃片表皮长细胞植硅体的形态特征、大小、数量是鉴定考古文化堆积中粟、黍及其野生祖本和亲缘野生物种的可靠指标;2)通过对比我国北方常见的狗尾草属稃片植硅体,发现了ΩⅢ型仅发育于粟和青狗尾草的稃片中部,且其大小与狗尾草属野生植物差异显著;3)分析和说明了稃片植硅体鉴定流程和方法、重点强调了稃片Ω/η类型的鉴定特征和应用范围,以及植硅体统计量等关键问题;4)讨论了粟类稃片植硅体产量与农作物产量的关系以及植硅体埋藏学问题,最后对深化粟类植硅体形态学研究提出了初步建议。希望通过本文的总结与讨论,能够使植硅体分析方法在粟类作物起源和传播的研究中得到更准确、更广泛的应用。
Phytolith analysis provides a viable method in identification of millets,especially when millet grains decayed in the archaeobotanical context.Although the diagnostic criteria used to distinguish millets and their relative wild weeds have quickly gained terrain,however,to date,the identification has still been questionable.This paper summarized the recent progress in the study of phytoliths in millet and relative wild grasses.Based on the new data,the problems and potentials of phytoliths identification of millets were further discussed as follows:(1)It is reliable to statistically identify millets and their wild relatives by phytoliths of epidermal long cells from lemma and palea,under the archaeological context.(2)By comparing the common Setaria genus of Northern China,it was found that typicalΩⅢtype is unique to S.italica and S.viridis,and the size is significantly different from the wild common Setaria genus.(3)Further explained the identification method of epidermal long cell phytoliths,typically the identifiable features and the application range ofΩ/ηtype,and explained the key issue of statistical size.(4)Discussed the relationship between the yield of phytoliths and the yield of crops and the burial problems of phytoliths.Finally,some preliminary suggestions for deepening the morphology of millet phytoliths were put forward.It is hoped that through the summary and discussion of this paper,the phytolith analysis method can be more accurately and widely applied in the research of millet origin and spread.
作者
张健平
吕厚远
葛勇
邵孔兰
Zhang Jianping;Lü Houyuan;Ge Yong;Shao Konglan(Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期1-11,共11页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院(B类)战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDB26000000)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41472154和41830322)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(批准号:2017096)共同资助.
关键词
粟
黍
旱作农业
农业起源
植物考古
综述
foxtail millet
common millet
dry farming
agriculture origin
archaeobotany
review
