摘要
研究人类施肥对水稻典型细胞形态发育是否存在显著影响,有可能成为判别水稻考古证据中人类如何驯化农作物的重要依据。本研究通过对比分析人工施肥(NPK处理)与不施肥(CK处理)不同生育时期(从分蘖期、灌浆期、到成熟期)‘中嘉早17’(籼稻)水稻机动细胞扇型植硅体形态特征,结果发现:1)人工施肥(NPK)扇型植硅体形态尺寸(扇宽HL 33.4~41.5μm、扇长VL 36.9~49.4μm)显著大于不施肥(CK)扇型植硅体(HL 20.0~29.3μm、 VL 22.9~32.5μm),而且随着生育时期发育,施肥和不施肥处理的扇型植硅体形态尺寸都呈现增加的趋势;2)NPK扇型植硅体形态B/A比值(扇面长/扇柄长)(0.74_(分蘖期)~0.93_(成熟期))与CK植硅体的B/A比值(0.58_(分蘖期)~0.94_(成熟期))比较,没有显著变化,但是随着生育时期发育都呈现长柄型明显减少、短柄型明显增加的趋势;3)NPK植硅体≥9个鱼鳞纹比例(中位数44.5%、平均数约60.0%)大于CK植硅体≥9个鱼鳞纹比例(中位数27.8%、平均数约54.0%),且随着生育时期发育都呈现出增多的趋势。本文首次研究了施肥对典型水稻品种水稻机动细胞扇型植硅体形态发育的影响,初步揭示了扇型植硅体形态特征在水稻驯化研究中的潜在指示意义。
It may become an important basis for identifying how humans domesticated crops in the rice archaeological evidence to study whether human fertilization has a significant effect on the morphological development of typical rice cells. By comparing the morphological characteristics of bulliform phytoliths in different fertilization conditions and growth periods under the same climate background, this study aimed to reveal the effects of fertilization on the morphological characteristics of bulliform phytoliths in rice motor cells, so as to provide a new reference mark for the study of rice domestication process.The field experiment was conducted in Gao’an experimental base of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(28° 14′50″N, 115° 07′32″E). The long-term rice fertilizer experiment had been arranged since 2015, with 2 treatments, CK treatment, i.e. planting rice without fertilization and NPK treatment, i.e. planting rice with fertilizer. The rice straw was returned to the field for NPK treatment, while not returned to the field for CK treatment. The application rates of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(PO), potassium(KO)and silicon(SiO)for NPK treatment were 150 kg/hm~2, 75 kg/hm~2,150 kg/hm~2 and 125 kg/hm~2 respectively.The rice variety in 2021 was ‘Zhongjiazao 17’(indica rice), the field sowing, seedling transplanting and rice harvest were conducted on March 23, April 21 and July 14,2021, respectively. Rice leaves were collected on April 21(transplanting stage), May 7(tillering stage), May 25(booting stage), June 11(heading stage), June 24(filling stage)and July 13(maturity stage)in 2021.In this paper, the author compared and analysed the rice bulliform phytolith morphologies of artificial fertilization(NPK)and no fertilization(CK)at different growth stages. The results showed that:(1)The morphology of bulliform phytoliths(fan width HL 33.4~41.5 μm, fan length VL 36.9~49.4 μm)under artificial fertilization(NPK)was significantly larger than that of phytoliths(HL 20.0~29.3 μm, VL 22.9~32.5 μm)without f
作者
唐先干
谢金水
刘增兵
孙刚
袁福生
吕厚远
TANG Xiangan;XIE Jinshui;LIU Zengbing;SUN Gang;YUAN Fusheng;LüHouyuan(Soil&Fertilizer and Environmental&Resources Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,Jiangxi;Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1792-1805,共14页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41967054)、国家自然科学基金交叉科学部重大项目(批准号:T2192950)
江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项项目(批准号:JXXTCXQN202212)共同资助。
关键词
水稻
扇型植硅体
生育时期
施肥
水稻驯化
形态发育
rice
bulliform phytoliths
growth stage
fertilization
rice domestication
morphological development
