摘要
南方地区是我国重要的农业种植区,季节性干旱严重影响该地区的农业生产.本文基于南方地区不同干旱分区中选取的13个典型地区1981—2007年气象资料和作物生育期、产量等资料,依据各地逐年降水量将其分为干旱年、正常年和丰水年3种不同降水年型,利用作物水分临界期需水量与降水量的耦合度、气象产量、单位面积产值以及全生育期的水分利用效率和降水量5个指标,对典型地区种植模式的综合效益进行评价,得到南方不同区域不同降水年型下的优化种植模式.结果表明:半干旱区在干旱年型下,宜采取2种抗旱种植模式:马铃薯-玉米-甘薯和冬小麦-中稻-甘薯.半湿润区在干旱年型下,种植模式以冬小麦-中稻-甘薯最优,油菜-中稻-甘薯次之.在温润区(即典型的季节性干旱区),江南地区在3种年型下均以马铃薯-双季稻最优;西南地区宜搭配抗旱作物进行三熟制种植,如冬小麦-中稻-甘薯、冬小麦-玉米-甘薯、马铃薯-双季稻等.从最大程度利用水热资源角度考虑,三熟种植模式最优,以水旱轮作为主,丰水年型宜搭配水稻.
Southern China is an important agricultural planting region of China, but the seasonal drought severely impacted the regional agricultural production. Based on the 1981-2007 meteoro- logical data from 13 typical meteorological stations in the seasonal drought areas in southern China and the data of related crops growth period and yield, three precipitation year types （ drought year, normal year, and wet year） were classified based on the yearly precipitation, and by using five in- dices （ coupling degree of water requirement and precipitation during crop water critical stages, me- teorological crop yield, output value per unit area, and water use efficiency and precipitation during whole growth period） , the comprehensive benefit of all possible cropping patterns in each typical region was evaluated, and the optimal cropping patterns in the different regions of southern China in different precipitation years were obtained. In the semi-arid region, the optimal cropping patterns in dry year included potato-maize-sweet potato and winter wheat-rice-sweet potato. In the semi-humid region and during dry year, winter wheat-rice-sweet potato was the best choice, and rape seed-rice- sweet potato was the second one. In the warm and humid region （the typical region where seasonal drought happened）, the best cropping pattern in Jiangnan area in different precipitation years was
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期3192-3198,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04B07)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)资助
关键词
种植模式优化
南方地区
防旱避灾
降水年型
ptimized cropping system
southern China
preventing and avoiding drought disaster
precipitation year type.
