摘要
【目的】为充分了解甘肃省玉米水分利用状况,为区域内水资源的合理分配、农业制度的制定以及农业工程灌溉设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】基于近50 a甘肃省34个气象站点的逐日气象数据,并借助GIS技术计算甘肃省近50 a玉米需水量、缺水量和水分盈亏指数,并对其时空特征进行深入分析。【结果】①近50 a甘肃省玉米需水量和缺水量没有明显的变化趋势,属于正常波动,平均值分别为545.51和423.51 mm;②不同生长阶段玉米需水量和缺水量均表现出明显的差异,生长发育期需水量和缺水量显著高于其他时期,分别占整个生育期需水量和缺水量的40.99%和41.65%;③在空间变化上,甘肃省玉米需水量和缺水量呈现出从东南到西北递增的趋势,河西区域需水量和缺水量显著高于其他区域;④近50 a甘肃省玉米水分盈亏指数随有效降水量的下降呈明显的下降趋势。【结论】近50 a甘肃省玉米干旱情况在不断加剧,只有合理分配水资源,制定有效的灌溉制度,才能保证农作物水分利用的时效性,提高水分利用效率,缓解农作物用水需求。
【Objective】The present study aimed to fully understand the water utilization status of maize in Gansu Province, to provide certain theoretical basis and technical support for the rational distribution of water resources in the region, the formulation of agricultural systems, and the design of agricultural engineering irrigation.【Method】The research based on the daily meteorological data of 34 meteorological stations in Gansu province in recent 50 years, and GIS technology was used to calculate the water requirement, water deficiency and deficit index of maize in Gansu province in recent 50 years, and conduct an in-depth analysis of its temporal and spatial characteristics.【Result】(i) In recent 50 years, the water requirement and water deficiency of maize in Gansu province had no obvious trend, which belonged to normal fluctuation, with an average of 545.51 and 423.51 mm, respectively;(ii) The water requirement and water deficiency of maize in different growth stages showed significant differences, among which the water requirement and water deficiency in the growth and development stage were higher, accounting for 40.99% and 41.65% of the water requirement and water deficiency in the whole growth period, respectively;(iii) In terms of spatial variation, the water requirement and water deficiency of maize in Gansu province increased from southeast to northwest, and the water requirement and water deficiency in Hexi region were significantly higher than those in other regions;(iv) The water deficit index of maize in Gansu province showed an obvious downward trend with the decrease of effective precipitation in recent 50 years.【Conclusion】In recent 50 years, maize drought situation in Gansu province has been increasingly intensified.Only rational allocation of water resources and effective irrigation system can ensure the timeliness of crop water use, improve water use efficiency and alleviate crop water demand.
作者
苏军德
李国霞
赵晓冏
SU Jun-de;LI Guo-xia;ZHAO Xiao-jiong(Gansu Vocational&Technical College of Nonferrous Metallurgy,Jinchang,Gansu 737100,China;Gansu Academy of Ecological Environment Design and Research,Lanzhou 730000,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nourthwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources,Lanzhou 733000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期235-243,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41661016)
甘肃省社会科学规划项目(19YB155)
甘肃省人文社会科学一般项目(20ZZ11)
甘肃省青年科技基金计划(18JR3RC420)
金昌市青年人才基金(2020CZA52W)
甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2020A-297)
陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2019-12)。
关键词
甘肃省
缺水量
玉米
时空分布
需水量
Gansu province
Water deficit
Maize
Spatial and temporal distribution
Water requirement
