摘要
当今中国的小农正在发生着前所未有的变化。这些变化虽然与小农本身有直接的关系,但更与他们所处的社会制度及体制、社会结构及条件等因素有关。其中,集体土地所有制和土地均分政策是小农社会化的前提,二元社会体制和城市社会发展进程决定了小农行动单位的二元性及其发展进程,社会结构决定了小农的行动领域及范围,而这些条件的综合性作用导致了小农行为属性的根本性变化。正因如此,我们把"社会化小农"理解为传统小农在后集体化时代自觉融入社会化分工体系之中,受外部因素、社会条件影响并塑造而成的一种小农形态。与传统小农相比,行为的外部性是社会化小农的主要表现,个体的社会化是突出特征,动机的多样性使其经常面临着困境,而综合效益的最大化则可能是其发展的必然结果。在当前家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制下,小农有可能与社会化生产要素高度融合,在实现农业现代化改造的同时实现自身的社会化改造,从而向社会化小农的高级阶段发展;也有可能在放弃生产经营权的前提下蜕变为市民;还有可能成为家庭式农场的经营者,成为与发达国家相似的现代农民。
Great changes have been taken place for Chinese smallholders in nowadays China in relationship with smallholders themselves and the social systems and institutes, social structures and other factors. Among those factors, the collective ownership of land and agrarian equal division are the preconditions of socialization. Dualistic society system and urbanization development result in the dualistic character with their development. Social structure decides the smallholder＇s activities areas. All above integrating factors lead to characteristic change of smallholders＇ activities. Due to these analysis, this paper points out an understanding of smallholders＇ socialization, which means during the post-collectivization times, the traditional smallholders are merging into the society system automatically and coming into forms with influences by outer factors and social conditions. Comparing to the present theories, the activities＇ outer character is the appearance of smallholders＇ socialization, along with the individual＇s socialization as an outstanding character. Their diversity of motivation will lead them to a hard situation. The inevitable out-coming is that the maximizing comprehensive benefit. On the basis of the household-based contracted responsibility system and double-tier management system, the smallholders have the possibilities to deeply merge into the modernized factors, entering into the highest development session. They also have possibilities in quitting operating rights and becoming civil citizens. The third possibility is that they will become family- farmer managers, being modern farmers like those in the developed countries.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期12-19,共8页
Academic Monthly
基金
教育部十一五规划项目"社会化小农:历史背景
演进逻辑及张力限度"的阶段性成果
关键词
社会化小农
小农社会化
小农理论
smallholders
smallholders＇ socialization
process of socialization
