摘要
刑事见证一直被当作一个技术性问题而为我国诉讼法学界所忽视,其所蕴涵的监督制约价值和诉讼证明功能尚未被人们充分认识。我国现有的刑事见证规范不但内容粗疏,而且见证与否对相关的侦查行为及由此所取得的证据材料不产生任何法律效力,从而导致权力滥用和制度变形,这不但与程序正义相背离,而且妨害实体真实的发现。对公权力过分信任的政治哲学、"重实体、轻程序"的法律文化以及偏重于惩罚犯罪的诉讼目的等,都影响了制度的精细化设计及其应然功能的发挥。无论是顺应证明模式转型的发展趋势还是基于程序法定原则的内在要求,抑或是保障证据证明力及侦查程序正当性的要求,均需要我们重新审视刑事见证问题。只有把见证人见证作为一项独立的诉讼行为予以制度完善并赋予其一定的法律效力,刑事见证才能实现从技术到制度的转变。
The problem of the criminal witness has been neglecting in the field of procedural law of China. The value of the witness in surveillance and his probative function in litigation have not been fully recognized yet. The existing regulation of criminal witness is not only inattentive in content, but also ineffective in detecting acts and obtaining material evidence of those acts. This leads to an abuse of power and the distortion of the criminal law system, which in turn not only deviates from procedural justice, but also impedes the function of truthfinding. The Political philosophy of over-reliance on public power, the legal culture of＂attaching importance to substance while looking down on procedure＂ ,and the emphasis on punishment as the end of litigation, have all affected the fine-tuning of the witness system and the realization of its intrinsic function. But trends in the transformation of proof,in the intrinsic principles of procedural legality ,and in the integrity of evidential proof and detection procedure, require that the matter of the criminal witness should be reexamined carefully. Only when eyewitness testimony as an independent litigation behavior is improved at procedural level and given certain legal effects, can the criminal witness be transformed from a technical matter to its proper role in the criminal justice system.
出处
《证据科学》
2010年第1期53-65,共13页
Evidence Science
关键词
刑事见证
诉讼行为
监督证明
法律效力
Criminal witness
Litigation action
Surveillance proof
Legal effect
