摘要
背景:青少年心理健康问题发生率越来越高,逐渐成为其健康成长的重要影响因素。目的:调查湖北省部分城市及农村青少年心理健康水平,分析其影响因素。设计:整群分层随机抽样,横断面调查。单位:华中科技大学同济医学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系。对象:于2003-03/06依据全国学生体质健康监测所选用的调查点,采取整群分层随机抽样法选取具有代表性的湖北省城市(武汉市、黄石市)和乡村(郧县、仙桃市、孝感市)16～18岁青少年1498人进行调查。城市组605人,农村组893人。方法:采用自制调查表进行一般情况调查,内容包括学生年龄、父母职业、父母文化程度、家庭类型、社会风气、学校类型及风气、人际关系;采用症状自评量表调查学生心理健康状况,以躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子作为观察指标,采用5级评分法,凡某一因子分≥3,或总分≥160分则判定为有心理卫生问题。采用父母教育方式问卷调查家庭教育方式,内容包括积极的教育方式(情感温暖、理解)和消极的教育方式(惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,偏爱,拒绝、否认,过度保护);采用家庭环境量表调查家庭环境情况,选用其中具有较高信度和效度的四个分量表(亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、娱乐性)作为指标。使用匿名问卷法,由统一培训的专职调查人员按统一指导语讲解填写要求,以指导学生填表。表格由班主任收集后上交调查组。观察城乡青少年症状自评量表得分情况,以及其与家庭一般情况、父母教育方式、家庭环境质量的相关关系,并以症状自评量表总分为因变量进行相关因素的逐步回归分析。主要观察指标:①湖北省部分城市及农村青少年心理卫生问题发生率及其性别,地区差异。②青少年症状自评男表评分及与全国常模分值比较。③症状自评量表�
BACKGROUND： The incidence of mental problems in adolescents is increasingly higher and has gradually become an important factor affecting their health and growth. OBJECTIVE： To probe into the mental health status and its influencing factors in adolescents in some cities and rural areas in Hubei Province. DESIGN： Clustering stratified random sampling, cross-sectional survey. SETTING： Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. PARTICIPANTS： According to the selected investigation spots of National Surveillance of Constitution and Health of Students, we selected representative urban areas （Wuhan City and Huangshi City） and rural areas （Yun County, Xiantao City, and Xiaogan City） in Hubei Province as sample spots. Totally 1 498 adolescents, aged 16-18 years, were surveyed by clustering stratified random sampling. There were 605 adolescents in urban group and 893 in rural group. METHODS： The self-made survey scale was used to investigate general conditions, such as age, parents＇ occupation and educational level, family type, social atmosphere, school type and atmosphere, and interpersonal relationship. Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90） was used to determine the adolescents＇ mental health status; 9 subscales （somatization, obsessivecompulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychosis） were set as the observation indexes. SCL-90 is an inventory which is rated on a 5-point scale. Factor score of SCL-90 ≥ 3 or total score ≥ 160 was considered mental disorders. The family educational pattern was investigated through Egma Minnen av Bardndosnanpporstran（EMBU） by questionnaires. It contained positive rearing pattern and negative rearing pattern. Positive rearing pattern （namely, affectional warmth and understanding） contributes to mental health, while negative rearing pattern （e.g. punishment, finn control, excessive interference, partiali
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第24期229-231,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
