摘要
春秋时,舜山是延陵的核心地区、季札的躬耕和归葬之地,深受季札耕读理念的影响。至唐宋,耕读者不绝于书,明清时耕读者更是大量涌现。一些耕读者认识到传统教育的弊端,认识到封建官场的残酷与叵测,希图回归人性、回归理智的生活,与官场保持一定的距离,以维持独立的人格。他们绝非不食人间烟火的至圣绝贤,而是喻利明理、求田问舍式的凡夫俗子。但往往受到更严苛的道德评判,承担许多无妄的指责。他们大多数为科举做准备,终极目标仍然是入仕,耕读固化了缺乏社会联系的小农的本质属性。但耕读保证了乡村民众免于饥寒、享受不同程度的教育。尤为重要的是,耕读传统塑造和延续了中华民族的文化和理性基因,培养出了一部分具有自主思考能力和独立人格的人,成为这个民族的精神中坚和思想峰峦。
During the Spring and Autumn period,Shunshan was the core area of Yanling,the location of Ji Zha’s personal farming,study and burial.Consequently the area was deeply influenced by Ji Zha’s otherworldly ideas.In the Tang and Song dynasties,many people cultivated land and studied there;in the Ming and Qing dynasties,this kind of people much increased in number.Some scholars were aware of the disadvantages of anti-common sense and anti-humanity of traditional education,recognized the cruelty and unpredictability of officialdom.They wished to return to human nature and rational life,and keep a certain distance from officialdom so as to maintain an independent personality.They were not saints who abandoned earthly affections,but the ordinary people who were reasonable to the material interests.They were often subjected to much stricter moral judgement and bore many groundless accusations.Most scholars were preparing for the imperial examination,and their ultimate goal was still to be an official.Farming and reading ensured that rural inhabitants to be free from hunger and cold and enjoyed different levels of education.It was particularly important that the tradition of farming and reading shaped the culture and rational gene of Chinese nation,cultivated people with independent thinking ability and independent personality,and turned out to be the spiritual backbone and ideological peak of the nation.
作者
马俊亚
Ma Junya(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《复旦学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期73-84,共12页
Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）
基金
2017年度国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“大运河与中国古代社会研究”(项目批准号:17ZDA184)
2016年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“近代中国社会环境历史变迁研究”(项目批准号:16AZS013)的阶段性成果
关键词
季札
耕读
科举
是镜
Ji zha
cultivating and reading
imperial examination
Shi Jing
