摘要
2005年修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》增设经理作为公司法定代表人的选项,并没有化解公司权力集中问题,反而增加了经理作为法定代表人是否适格的争议以及法定代表人由不同主体行使而产生的权、责配置的冲突,加剧了法定代表人权、责不清或泛化的风险。法定代表人既是公司意思的表示者,也是公司意思的执行者,是公司意思表示与执行的统一体,不能被简单地分离。董事会作为股东会的召集人及其决策的执行人,是现代公司意思形成的参与者(或部分意思的形成者)与执行人,应该作为公司法定代表机关。法定代表人的具体权、责由董事长和董事分别行使和承担。董事长执行法定的公司人格性职权,适用代表理论承担责任;董事执行章程规定或董事会授权的公司财产性职权,适用代理人规则承担责任。这种董事会单一代表制与董事多元代理制相结合的模式,克服了一元化的自然人法定代表制度的固有不足,厘清了法定代表人的责任基础,尊重了民法典基本精神和我国长期以来形成的企业管理体制的传统。
Company Law of the People’s Republic of China amended in 2005,adding the manager as the option of the company’s legal representative,does not dissolve the company concentrated power,which increases the“proper”controversy of manager acting as the legal representative,as well as the conflicts over the allocation of powers and responsibilities arising from the exercise of the legal representative by different subjects,aggravates the legal representative responsibility being not clear or the risk of generalization.The legal representative is not only the expresser of the company’s intention,but also the executor of the company’s intention.It is the unity of the company’s intention expression and execution,and cannot be simply separated.As the convener of the shareholders’meeting and the executor of its decision,the board of directors shall participate in(or partially form)and execute the formation of the intention of the company and shall act as the legal representative of the company.The chairman of the board executes the statutory powers of the company’s personality and bears responsibility under the theory of representation;the directors execute the company’s property powers as stipulated in the articles of association or authorized by the board of directors,and bear the responsibility under the agent rules.This model of the combination of the“unitary”agent system for the board of directors and the“multiple”agent system for directors overcomes the inherent deficiencies of the unitary legal representative system for natural persons,clarifies the basis of responsibility for legal representatives,and respects the basic spirit of the Civil Code and the longstanding tradition of the enterprise management system in our country.
出处
《法商研究》
北大核心
2023年第1期91-103,共13页
Studies in Law and Business
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AFX028)
关键词
法定代表人
公司意思
董事会
董事
人格性行为
财产性行为
legal representative
intention of the company
board of directors
directors
personality behavior
property behavior
