摘要
美国的"印太"战略本质上是一种"亚太+印度"战略,通过"同盟战略"巩固、深化与亚太盟友的同盟关系,通过"楔子战略"拉拢战略"支点国家"印度。印度曾参与并领导了"不结盟运动",也曾与苏联结成"准同盟",当前因应美国"印太"战略,印度战略行为表现出"谨慎的积极"。以"楔子战略"对象国的视角而言,印度战略行为的形成受战略环境、首要战略目标和特定战略环境下的联盟关系等因素的综合影响。本文将战略环境分为一般战略环境和特殊战略环境,首要战略目标分为经济发展、主权完整和独立、国家安全以及大国地位(特别是对地区和体系强国而言),联盟关系界定为"利益分歧大小和自助能力强弱"。通过对印度外交的经验性研究,本文认为,在美国"印太"战略背景下,宽松有利的一般战略环境、追求大国地位的首要战略目标以及"利益分歧大、自助能力强"的联盟关系塑造了印度以"谨慎的积极"为特点的战略行为。
America’s Indo-Pacific Strategy is essentially a combination of its Asia Pacific and Indian strategies:through the consolidation of its strategic alliances,it can deepen its relations with Asia Pacific allies,and through its"wedging strategy"it can pull India into its orbit to become a strategic"fulcrum"bridging the region.India was both a key member and leader of the Non-Aligned Movement,while also previously forming a"quasi-alliance"with the Soviet Union.At present,it has responded to the U.S.Indo-Pacific Strategy with cautious initiative.From the vantage point of a state targeted vis-à-vis a wedging strategy,India’s strategic behavior is shaped by the strategic environment,its primary strategic objectives,and the relations between allies within the context of a unique strategic environment.This article identifies two types of strategic environments:the general strategic environment and the specialized strategic environment;it further identifies primary strategic objectives as economic development,sovereign integrity and independence,national security and great state status(especially with respect to that of regional or global major powers);meanwhile,the alliance relationship is defined according to the extent to which there are divisions across state interests and the capacity of states to defend themselves without outside assistance.Through an analysis of India’s diplomatic experiences,this article argues that against the backdrop of America’s"Indo-Pacific"strategy and a loose general strategic environment,the primary strategic objective of becoming apole among great powers and a"large divide over interests and a major space for self-defense"(alliance relationships)shape India’s cautious initiative toward US Indo-Pacific strategy.
出处
《南亚研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期1-24,155,共25页
South Asian Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目《美国“印太战略”下的印度战略行为及其影响研究》(项目编号:20CGJ031)的阶段性成果
关键词
美国
印太
楔子战略
联盟
加勒万河谷对峙
America
Indo-Pacific
Wedge Strategy
Alliance
Gallevan Valley Standoff
