摘要
目的:掌握我国夏季项目精英运动员的排尿知识、态度、行为特征,为在运动员群体中合理开展补液、排尿相关知识、态度、行为的健康教育提供科学依据。方法:2020年3月~4月在夏季项目国家队及国家青训队的运动员中采用简单随机抽样方法选取调查对象进行排尿相关知识、态度、行为的问卷调查。计数资料用人口百分比表示,不同类型调查对象之间使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较差异。结果:共收到有效问卷575份。其中,从事球类运动项目、耐力型运动项目、格斗对抗型项目及其他项目的运动员占比分别为37.4%、22.3%、21.9%、18.4%。在排尿知识部分,运动员对正常尿液颜色为淡黄色或透明黄色、每次正常尿量为50~500 mL、每日正常尿量为1000~2000 m L、每日正常排尿频次为4~8次、憋尿不利于健康、饮水与排尿量有关、饮水与尿液颜色有关的知晓率分别为39.3%、48.3%、19.8%、49.9%、83.1%、71.5%、73.7%。在排尿态度部分,认为应该关注排尿行为、认为发现排尿异常应该寻找原因、认为发现排尿异常应该主动纠正、对排尿知识感兴趣的运动员比例分别为60.0%、73.4%、82.8%、56.7%。在排尿行为部分,39.7%的运动员尿液颜色为浅黄色或透明黄色;45.9%的运动员会在运动前排尿;29.0%的运动员在运动中感到尿意而去排尿;26.3%的运动员在运动后排尿;48.9%的运动员在夜间排尿;59.0%的运动员平时存在憋尿行为。结论:我国夏季项目精英运动员排尿知识的知晓率较低,存在不良的排尿行为,排尿态度有待进一步提高。应加强对夏季项目运动员排尿知识的宣传教育,以提高运动员对排尿行为的重视态度,形成良好的排尿行为。
Objective To investigate the urination knowledge,attitude and practice of elite summersports athletes in China,and provide a scientific basis for giving them the health education about reasonable fluid replenishment as well as urination knowledge,attitude and practices.Methods Athletes of the national summer team and the national summer youth training team were selected using the simple random sampling method between March and April 2020 and surveyed their urination knowledge,attitude and practice.The enumeration data were expressed as a percentage of the population,and chisquare test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences among different types of subjects.Results A total of 575 valid questionnaires were collected.Athletes of ball games,endurance sports,combat sports and other events accounted for 37.4%,22.3%,21.9%and 18.4%respectively.As to the urination knowledge,the awareness rates of the normal urine color being light yellow or transparent yellow,the normal urine volume per time being 50~500 m L,the normal daily urine volume being1000~2000 mL,and the normal daily urination frequency being 4~8 times,holding back urine being not good for health,urination volume being related to water drinking and urine color being related to water drinking were 39.3%,48.3%,19.8%,49.9%,83.1%,71.5%and 73.7%respectively.Moreover,60.0%believed that they should pay attention to their urination,73.4%thought that the reasons should be found for abnormal urination,82.8%admitted that abnormal urination should be corrected actively,and 56.7%wanted to learn more about urination.Then,39.7%athletes had urine of light yellow or transparent yellow color.Among them,45.9%of the athletes urinated before exercise,29.0%of them felt the urge to urinate during exercise and 26.3%urinated after exercise.Moreover,48.9%athletes urinated at night and 59.0%usually did not urinate timely.Conclusion The elite summersports athletes are poor in urination and have bad urination practice.Related health education should be conducted to improve
作者
邓懿敏
严翊
赵昊天
周其姝
常雅珊
张国庆
朱文阁
安楠
Deng Yimin;Yan Yi;Zhao Haotian;Zhou Qishu;Chang Yashan;Zhang Guoqing;Zhu Wenge;An Nan(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University,Fuzhou 344000,China;Nutrition Center,Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sports,Beijing 100029,China;Shandong Swimming Management Center,Jinan 250102,China)
出处
《中国运动医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期866-874,共9页
Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(32071173)
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC2000601)
关键词
夏季项目
精英运动员
排尿
KAP问卷
summer sports
elite athletes
urination
KAP questionnaire
