摘要
目的:了解冬、夏季项目精英运动员补液行为,发现现阶段冬、夏季项目运动员补液存在的问题,以期为指导运动员合理补液提供一定的科学依据。方法:采用简单随机抽样的方法抽取787名冬、夏季项目国家队及国家青训队的运动员进行补液排尿知识态度行为问卷调查,根据问卷中有关补液行为的调查结果,通过统计学分析来评价不同性别、运动项目、运动技术等级和运动年限的精英运动员补液行为。结果:共收到行为调查有效问卷507份,有效率为64%,其中夏季项目124份,冬季项目383份。女性运动员在补液行为上比男性运动员表现更好(P<0.05)。冬、夏季运动项目运动员在补液时段、一日三餐补液种类、训练期间补液习惯、种类和来源上存在显著性差异(P<0.05),但普遍存在口渴时再补液的现象。随着运动等级和运动年限的升高,运动员的补液意识更强、补液行为更好(P<0.05)。结论:我国冬、夏季项目运动员的补液习惯、补液种类的选择、补液时机的把握等行为均有待改善,应对运动员及相关人员加强补液知识及行为的宣传教育,提高运动员补液行为的有效性。
Objective To investigate the fluid replenishment of elite summer-and winter-sports athletes in China,and provide scientific evidences for guiding their rational fluid replenishment.Methods Totally 787 elite athletes of national and national youth teams were selected by simple random sampling and surveyed on the knowledge,attitude and practice related to fluid replenishment and urination.The data were evaluated and compared among athletes with different genders,sports,skill levels and training years.Results Totally 507 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of64%.Among them,124 were completed by athletes for summer projects,383 by those for winter projects.Female athletes were better than male ones in fluid replenishment(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed in the time,type,habit and source of fluid replenishment among athletes of different sports(P<0.05).However,all of them tended to have fluid replenishment when they were thirsty.With the increase of sports levels and training years,athletes have stronger awareness and better practice of fluid replenishment(P<0.05).Conclusion The fluid replenishing habits,selection of fluid replenishing types and fluid replenishing time need to be improved among the elite athletes.It is necessary to strengthen the related education and management,so as to improve the effectiveness of their fluid replenishing.
作者
朱文阁
安楠
邓懿敏
宋鸽
赵昊天
周其姝
王晓亮
曹建民
张国庆
严翊
Zhu Wenge;An Nan;Song Ge;Deng Yimin;Zhao Haotian;Zhou Qishu;Wang Xiaoliang;Cao Jianmin;Zhang Guoqing;Yan Yi(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Nutrition Center,Institute of Sports Medicine,General Administration of Sports,Beijing 100029,China;Ice Hockey School,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Shandong Swimming Sports Management Center,Jinan 250102,China)
出处
《中国运动医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期891-901,共11页
Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(32071173)
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC2000601)
关键词
精英运动员
补液行为
KAP问卷
夏季项目
冬季项目
elite athlete
fluid replenishment
KAP questionnaire
summer sports
winter sports
