摘要
法学研究方法是法学研究人员在研究过程中,为获取有关法律的新颖性、可靠性知识所使用的有规则、成系统的程序、途径、手段、技巧和模式的总称。围绕法学研究方法,有几个本源性的理论争论,主要包括如下三个问题:法学研究方法是否有优劣之分?法学研究方法须否追求方法上的独立性?法学研究方法是客观的还是主观的?在科学主义思潮影响之下,实证方法被认为是唯一正确合理的研究方法,然而法学不是自然科学,完全采用实证主义的研究路径并不足取。严格说来,合理的方法是适合研究主题的方法。法学作为人文社会科学的一个门类,与其他学科的研究有类似之处,为此法学研究可以借助其他学科的研究方法,但不能忽视自己独有方法的提炼以及原有方法的优势。法学研究的方法应当遵循科学的标准,提炼客观的论据,因而必然具有客观性。但是,法学研究又是法学研究者主观的心智创造活动,因而其主观性难以避免,法学研究中的价值判断也必然存在。当然,理想模式是在价值中立的背景下进行价值的选择,保证价值中立与价值判断有机结合。
Legal research methods is a general term for disciplined and systematic procedures,approaches,means,techniques and models used by researchers to acquire creative and reliable legal knowledge.However,there are several fundamental theory debates about legal research methods.One legal research method superior to another?Legal research methods pursue methodological independence?Legal research methods be objective or subjective?Influenced by scientism,positivism is usually considered to be the only reasonable research method;but since law is different from science,only using positivist research approaches is insufficient to solve legal problems.Hence,strictly speaking,a method that is appropriate to the research subject is a reasonable method.As one of the humanities and social sciences,law has similarities with other disciplines in terms of the scope of its research,therefore its research methods could borrow from other disciplines;however,law cannot ignore the development of its own unique research methods and retain its advantages.While legal research methods are supposed to be objective for it should follow scientific standards and have objective arguments,legal research is inevitable to be subjective and full of value judgments since it is a subjective and creative activity of the researcher.Of course,the choice of values should be made in the context of value-free to ensure the organic combination of value-free and value judgment.
出处
《政法论坛》
北大核心
2023年第3期3-13,共11页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20AZD028)的阶段性成果
关键词
法学研究方法
实证分析
价值分析
价值中立
价值判断
Legal Research Methods
Positivist Analysis
Value Analysis
Value-Free
Value Judgment
