As other causes decline in importance,chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy,which affects around 1%of the general population.The aim of this review is to give suggestions on h...As other causes decline in importance,chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy,which affects around 1%of the general population.The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis,which can be elicited in chromiumallergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather.Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions.It is formed on the surface of some,antioxidant-free,leathers at dry conditions(<35% relative humidity)and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions,such as UV irradiation,contact with alkaline solutions,and leather age.Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time(days-months).A low initial test result(<3 mg/kg)for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test(ISO 17075)does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather.Information,labels,and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals.Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens,as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products,are crucial.展开更多
Red ginseng is known for its significant biological activities which include anti-inflammation. Red ginseng may be used for the management and prevention of atopic dermatitis based on its effect on an atopic dermatiti...Red ginseng is known for its significant biological activities which include anti-inflammation. Red ginseng may be used for the management and prevention of atopic dermatitis based on its effect on an atopic dermatitis animal model. More therapeutic efficacies other than atopic dermatitis are also reviewed briefly.展开更多
Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B cells when antigens such as allergens or pathogens invade an animal’s body. The antibodies remove and inactivate antigens. Antibodies are distributed in internal body and ...Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B cells when antigens such as allergens or pathogens invade an animal’s body. The antibodies remove and inactivate antigens. Antibodies are distributed in internal body and mucosal membrane to protect living animals, but they are excellent proteins that can exert their functions, “antigen-antibody reactions,” even when removed from the body. For that reason, antibodies are being put to practical use in diagnostic kits for conditions such as pregnancy and influenza infection, and as anticancer drugs targeting specific tumor markers. The result has been an increasing use of antibodies for research, diagnosis, and therapeutic purposes. Unfortunately, antibodies from experimental mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits, are not suited to industrial use because of their high production cost. Moreover, handling of these antibodies is difficult due to their vulnerability to heat, acids and alkalis. Accordingly, there is no adaptability to mass production. Recently, we developed a convenient method for the low-cost, mass-production of antibodies using egg-laying hen ostriches. The ostrich egg is an excellent source of antibodies for industrial purposes. The present report shows that the ostrich antibodies have therapeutic effects in ailments such as atopic dermatitis, acne, pyoderma, and pollen allergies. We have successfully produced and purified ostrich immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) against pollen allergens (Cryj1, Cryj2, Chao1, Chao2) and found that allergic reactions were alleviated in skin patch tests of allergic patients by using the ostrich IgY. In addition, we produced ostrich IgY against the homogenates of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, and applied to dermal lesions of atopic dermatitis and acne patients, and then observed the therapeutic effects on the dermatitis of volunteer subjects. Antibody against S. aureus also had the therapeutic effect on canine pyoderma caused by MRSA. A particular advantage in using ostrich antibodies is the fact that th展开更多
基金Previous funding from the Swedish Research Council for Health,Working Life and Welfare(FORTE,grant no.2013-00054)Karolinska Institute research foundations(grant no.2013fobi37277)+2 种基金the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Research Foundation(grant no.F2013-0014)Swedish Skin Foundation(Hudfonden,grant no.2291 and grant no.2844)Vinnova Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems(grant no.2017-03532)are acknowledged.
文摘As other causes decline in importance,chromium-tanned leather has become a more important source for chromium allergy,which affects around 1%of the general population.The aim of this review is to give suggestions on how to minimize the risk of leather-related allergic contact dermatitis,which can be elicited in chromiumallergic persons by hexavalent and trivalent chromium released from leather.Hexavalent chromium is the more potent chromium form and requires a lower skin dose to elicit allergic reactions.It is formed on the surface of some,antioxidant-free,leathers at dry conditions(<35% relative humidity)and is influenced by the tanning process and other conditions,such as UV irradiation,contact with alkaline solutions,and leather age.Trivalent chromium is the dominant form released from chromium-tanned leather and its released amount is sufficient to elicit allergic reactions in some chromium-allergic individuals when they are exposed repetitively and over longer time(days-months).A low initial test result(<3 mg/kg)for hexavalent chromium with the current standard test(ISO 17075)does not guarantee a low release of chromium from the leather or a low release of hexavalent chromium under typical exposure conditions during the service life of the leather.Information,labels,and certificates regarding leather products are often insufficient to protect chromium-allergic individuals.Correct labelling and information on the possible content of different allergens,as well as different tanning alternatives for certain leather products,are crucial.
文摘Red ginseng is known for its significant biological activities which include anti-inflammation. Red ginseng may be used for the management and prevention of atopic dermatitis based on its effect on an atopic dermatitis animal model. More therapeutic efficacies other than atopic dermatitis are also reviewed briefly.
文摘Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced by B cells when antigens such as allergens or pathogens invade an animal’s body. The antibodies remove and inactivate antigens. Antibodies are distributed in internal body and mucosal membrane to protect living animals, but they are excellent proteins that can exert their functions, “antigen-antibody reactions,” even when removed from the body. For that reason, antibodies are being put to practical use in diagnostic kits for conditions such as pregnancy and influenza infection, and as anticancer drugs targeting specific tumor markers. The result has been an increasing use of antibodies for research, diagnosis, and therapeutic purposes. Unfortunately, antibodies from experimental mammals such as mice, rats, and rabbits, are not suited to industrial use because of their high production cost. Moreover, handling of these antibodies is difficult due to their vulnerability to heat, acids and alkalis. Accordingly, there is no adaptability to mass production. Recently, we developed a convenient method for the low-cost, mass-production of antibodies using egg-laying hen ostriches. The ostrich egg is an excellent source of antibodies for industrial purposes. The present report shows that the ostrich antibodies have therapeutic effects in ailments such as atopic dermatitis, acne, pyoderma, and pollen allergies. We have successfully produced and purified ostrich immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) against pollen allergens (Cryj1, Cryj2, Chao1, Chao2) and found that allergic reactions were alleviated in skin patch tests of allergic patients by using the ostrich IgY. In addition, we produced ostrich IgY against the homogenates of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, and applied to dermal lesions of atopic dermatitis and acne patients, and then observed the therapeutic effects on the dermatitis of volunteer subjects. Antibody against S. aureus also had the therapeutic effect on canine pyoderma caused by MRSA. A particular advantage in using ostrich antibodies is the fact that th
