BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution...BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction 展开更多
目的:探讨构建神经纤维束显微结构三维可视化模型的实用方法。方法:SD大鼠全脑连续冰冻切片经Luxol Fast Blue染色显示锥体束。采用分区显微摄影法,获取每张脑组织切片的二维图像。运用Photoshop 7.0软件对每张脑片的图像进行拼接,根据...目的:探讨构建神经纤维束显微结构三维可视化模型的实用方法。方法:SD大鼠全脑连续冰冻切片经Luxol Fast Blue染色显示锥体束。采用分区显微摄影法,获取每张脑组织切片的二维图像。运用Photoshop 7.0软件对每张脑片的图像进行拼接,根据三轴定位法对拼接图像进行配准,导入3D-DOCTOR4.0软件对脑和锥体束进行表面重建和体素重建。利用3DMAX8.0软件对重建模型进行可视化处理。结果:重建出SD大鼠脑和锥体束全貌模型清晰逼真,可以在任意断面从不同角度观察锥体束的显微结构,动态显示锥体束在脑内的立体行径。结论:基于连续组织切片的三轴定位法结合三维重建软件可以真实地再现锥体束的显微结构及其在脑内的三维立体行径,为神经纤维束的损伤修复研究提供精确的三维立体形态学基础。展开更多
目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反...目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反相"、"对比度调整"、"图像缩小"等后处理,3D-DOCTOR 4·0软件进行表面重建和体重建。结果:重建出人腰髓节段及其内部的灰质结构具有立体感,并可在计算机上进行自由观察和测量。结论:利用人腰髓连续切片可以进行人体脊髓的三维重建。展开更多
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB）, serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）,...OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB）, serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）, METHODS A blue stain, 99mTc-dextran SPECT lymphoscintigrapgy and intraoperative y-ray probes were used to examine the sentinel nodes in 31 cases with Stage-oNO oral cancer, The H＆E staining and a cytokeratin AE1/ AE3 immunohistochemistry （IHC） assessment, with serial sections, were conducted to provide results obtained from a routine pathological examination of lymph nodes, The value of the routine pathological examination of the sentinel lymph node （SLN）, serial sections and IHC determination for cervical lymph node metastasis of Stage-cN0 OSCC was appraised, RESULTS A total of 45, 55 and 51 SLNs were examined in 25 （80%）, 31 （100%） and 30 （96,5%） of the cases, by using the blue stain, y-ray probes, and SPECT lymphoscintigraphy, respectively, The average SLNs found in each case of the groups was 1,4 （1 to 3） and there were 1,302 non-NSLNs, Six positive SLN metastases were detected by routine pathological examination, among which 1 case was found to be an accompanied positive metastasis of non-SLN, One positive SLN metastasis was found after examination of serial sections plus routine H＆E staining and 2 were detected using serial sections plus AE3 immunohistochemical staining methods, No positive NSLNs were found in the study, CONCLUSION In order to make more progress in accurate SLNB diagnosis, serial sections and IHC （AE1/AE3） methods can be used for examination of the micrometastases which are difficult to identify by routine pathological sections and H＆E staining.展开更多
The measurement of thickness of material removed between serial sections is a crucial step of three-dimensional reconstruction. Active contour model is an efficient method for contour detection of objects on an image....The measurement of thickness of material removed between serial sections is a crucial step of three-dimensional reconstruction. Active contour model is an efficient method for contour detection of objects on an image. Based on the segmentation of the FeAl/ZrO2 composite image by using adaptive threshold, the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake was used to detect the contour of the indent. The horizontal diagonal length and the vertical diagonal length of the indent contour were acquired by measuring the distance from the uppermost snaxel to the lowermost snaxel and that from the leftmost snaxel to the rightmost snaxel respectively. Then the final diagonal length was gotten by averaging the vertical diagonal length and the horizontal diagonal length. The Vickers indenter was made by a square pyramidal-shaped diamond with opposite faces at an angle of 136°, so the geometrical relation was established between the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections and the difference of diagonal length on the two serial sections. Based on the relation, the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections was calculated using the two successive diagonals.展开更多
基金Natural Science Research Plan forJiangsu Colleges, No.05KJB180105 Postgraduate Innovation Cultivating Projectin Jiangsu Province, No.CX07s_035z
文摘BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction
文摘目的:探讨构建神经纤维束显微结构三维可视化模型的实用方法。方法:SD大鼠全脑连续冰冻切片经Luxol Fast Blue染色显示锥体束。采用分区显微摄影法,获取每张脑组织切片的二维图像。运用Photoshop 7.0软件对每张脑片的图像进行拼接,根据三轴定位法对拼接图像进行配准,导入3D-DOCTOR4.0软件对脑和锥体束进行表面重建和体素重建。利用3DMAX8.0软件对重建模型进行可视化处理。结果:重建出SD大鼠脑和锥体束全貌模型清晰逼真,可以在任意断面从不同角度观察锥体束的显微结构,动态显示锥体束在脑内的立体行径。结论:基于连续组织切片的三轴定位法结合三维重建软件可以真实地再现锥体束的显微结构及其在脑内的三维立体行径,为神经纤维束的损伤修复研究提供精确的三维立体形态学基础。
文摘目的:探讨数字人脊髓数字化问题,建立一种实用的脊髓三维重建方法。方法:对人腰髓节段的连续冷冻切片直接贴片,进行Luxol Fast Blue染色,采集切片图像并进行图像拼接,Photoshop 7·0软件对图像进行"图像灰度化"、"反相"、"对比度调整"、"图像缩小"等后处理,3D-DOCTOR 4·0软件进行表面重建和体重建。结果:重建出人腰髓节段及其内部的灰质结构具有立体感,并可在计算机上进行自由观察和测量。结论:利用人腰髓连续切片可以进行人体脊髓的三维重建。
文摘OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB）, serial section and cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis and staging of Stage-cNO oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）, METHODS A blue stain, 99mTc-dextran SPECT lymphoscintigrapgy and intraoperative y-ray probes were used to examine the sentinel nodes in 31 cases with Stage-oNO oral cancer, The H＆E staining and a cytokeratin AE1/ AE3 immunohistochemistry （IHC） assessment, with serial sections, were conducted to provide results obtained from a routine pathological examination of lymph nodes, The value of the routine pathological examination of the sentinel lymph node （SLN）, serial sections and IHC determination for cervical lymph node metastasis of Stage-cN0 OSCC was appraised, RESULTS A total of 45, 55 and 51 SLNs were examined in 25 （80%）, 31 （100%） and 30 （96,5%） of the cases, by using the blue stain, y-ray probes, and SPECT lymphoscintigraphy, respectively, The average SLNs found in each case of the groups was 1,4 （1 to 3） and there were 1,302 non-NSLNs, Six positive SLN metastases were detected by routine pathological examination, among which 1 case was found to be an accompanied positive metastasis of non-SLN, One positive SLN metastasis was found after examination of serial sections plus routine H＆E staining and 2 were detected using serial sections plus AE3 immunohistochemical staining methods, No positive NSLNs were found in the study, CONCLUSION In order to make more progress in accurate SLNB diagnosis, serial sections and IHC （AE1/AE3） methods can be used for examination of the micrometastases which are difficult to identify by routine pathological sections and H＆E staining.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60873089)the Doctoral Fund of Shandong Province( Grant No.2007BS04018)
文摘The measurement of thickness of material removed between serial sections is a crucial step of three-dimensional reconstruction. Active contour model is an efficient method for contour detection of objects on an image. Based on the segmentation of the FeAl/ZrO2 composite image by using adaptive threshold, the gradient vector flow (GVF) snake was used to detect the contour of the indent. The horizontal diagonal length and the vertical diagonal length of the indent contour were acquired by measuring the distance from the uppermost snaxel to the lowermost snaxel and that from the leftmost snaxel to the rightmost snaxel respectively. Then the final diagonal length was gotten by averaging the vertical diagonal length and the horizontal diagonal length. The Vickers indenter was made by a square pyramidal-shaped diamond with opposite faces at an angle of 136°, so the geometrical relation was established between the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections and the difference of diagonal length on the two serial sections. Based on the relation, the thickness of material removed between two successive serial sections was calculated using the two successive diagonals.
