The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M展开更多
In this paper we consider a two-machine CONWIP system. Firstly, we mathematically model the system as a QBD process. By using the matrix geometric solution technique, we obtain the equilibrium conditions of the system...In this paper we consider a two-machine CONWIP system. Firstly, we mathematically model the system as a QBD process. By using the matrix geometric solution technique, we obtain the equilibrium conditions of the system. Next, we derive the stationary probability distribution of the process. Finally, we give some important performance measures of the system.展开更多
This paper focuses on studying a new energy-work relationship numericM integration scheme of nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems. The signal-stage numerical, multi-stage and parallel composition numerical integration sch...This paper focuses on studying a new energy-work relationship numericM integration scheme of nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems. The signal-stage numerical, multi-stage and parallel composition numerical integration schemes are presented. The high-order energy-work relation scheme of the system is constructed by a parallel connection of n multi-stage schemes of order 2, its order of accuracy is 2n. The connection, which is discrete analogue of usual case, between the change of energy and work of nonholonomic constraint forces is obtained for nonholonomie Hamiltonian systems. This paper also gives that there is smaller error of the scheme when taking a large number of stages than a less one. Finally, an applied example is discussed to illustrate these results.展开更多
To pursue high-quality development,China needs to create new working conditions for workers to improve the quality of their work."Working conditions"refers to the kind of working climate and state that peopl...To pursue high-quality development,China needs to create new working conditions for workers to improve the quality of their work."Working conditions"refers to the kind of working climate and state that people perceive in their organizations,a perception will have an important impact on their organizational behavior.Improving the working conditions of an organization is actually a social process of organizational governance.In observing organizational working conditions from a governance perspective,it is necessary to take into consideration"embeddedness"as a structural background and the work unit(danwei)as an institutional vehicle.It is imperative to emphasize both organizational order and the subjective perceptions of individuals.It also essential to analyze the organization’s social solidarity,its contlicts and integration and its protections and inclusion,the participation of its members,their interaction and the structure of their roles,and the organization’s structure and functions.This analytical framework provides a more comprehensive picture of organizational governance,which in turn reflects the organization’s working conditions and provides insights into overall research and dialogue in the disciplinary field of working conditions.展开更多
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In this paper we consider a two-machine CONWIP system. Firstly, we mathematically model the system as a QBD process. By using the matrix geometric solution technique, we obtain the equilibrium conditions of the system. Next, we derive the stationary probability distribution of the process. Finally, we give some important performance measures of the system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10672143the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province under Grant No.0511022200
文摘This paper focuses on studying a new energy-work relationship numericM integration scheme of nonholonomic Hamiltonian systems. The signal-stage numerical, multi-stage and parallel composition numerical integration schemes are presented. The high-order energy-work relation scheme of the system is constructed by a parallel connection of n multi-stage schemes of order 2, its order of accuracy is 2n. The connection, which is discrete analogue of usual case, between the change of energy and work of nonholonomic constraint forces is obtained for nonholonomie Hamiltonian systems. This paper also gives that there is smaller error of the scheme when taking a large number of stages than a less one. Finally, an applied example is discussed to illustrate these results.
基金the project“Research on China’s Corporate Working Conditions:Concept,Scale and Index Construction”(No.15BH05)the project“Research on Social Sentiment and Social Confidence in China:Theory and Methodology”(No.18ZDA164)of the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘To pursue high-quality development,China needs to create new working conditions for workers to improve the quality of their work."Working conditions"refers to the kind of working climate and state that people perceive in their organizations,a perception will have an important impact on their organizational behavior.Improving the working conditions of an organization is actually a social process of organizational governance.In observing organizational working conditions from a governance perspective,it is necessary to take into consideration"embeddedness"as a structural background and the work unit(danwei)as an institutional vehicle.It is imperative to emphasize both organizational order and the subjective perceptions of individuals.It also essential to analyze the organization’s social solidarity,its contlicts and integration and its protections and inclusion,the participation of its members,their interaction and the structure of their roles,and the organization’s structure and functions.This analytical framework provides a more comprehensive picture of organizational governance,which in turn reflects the organization’s working conditions and provides insights into overall research and dialogue in the disciplinary field of working conditions.
