China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China....China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China.We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management.Emission control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007.Since 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy.Increasing ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions.Fundamental improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.展开更多
塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿系哈佛大学政府系讲座教授及约翰·M·奥林战略研究所(John M. Olin Institute for strategic Studies)所长。曾在卡特政府国家安全委员会任职,为当时国家安全事务顾问布热津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski...塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿系哈佛大学政府系讲座教授及约翰·M·奥林战略研究所(John M. Olin Institute for strategic Studies)所长。曾在卡特政府国家安全委员会任职,为当时国家安全事务顾问布热津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)的左右手。并经常担任美国国务院、国防部、中央情报局等部门角色。政治上,他以保守出名。曾因支持越南战争及卷入诸多中央情报局研究项目等原因,一度被人斥为“疯狗”及“学政复合体成员”(academic-political Complex)。学术上,他以当代马基姆维里(NiccoloMachiavelli)自诩,一向以提出极具争议的观点或理论闻名于学术界。他的十来种学术著作大多探讨当代重大政治、国际关系等领域的理论问题,在学术上颇多建树。展开更多
The spirit of craftsmanship applies to every trade. In the context of opportunities arising from the new industrial revolution and China＇s transition towards high-end manufacturing, Premier Li Keqiang put forward the...The spirit of craftsmanship applies to every trade. In the context of opportunities arising from the new industrial revolution and China＇s transition towards high-end manufacturing, Premier Li Keqiang put forward the concept of the spirit of craftsmanship. This paper reckons that the spirit of craftsmanship can be defined from six dimensions including dedication, standard, precision, innovation, perfection and human care. In fact, the spirit of craftsmanship abounds in China, as illustrated by the examples of Tongrentang and Haier. In comparing the three manufacturing powers of Germany, Japan and the United States, this paper reveals the differences in the connotations of the spirit of craftsmanship across these countries. According to specific national conditions and development stage, China must achieve structural re-engineering of corporate organizations at the level of firms, products, divisions and modules. In a nutshell, the spirit of craftsmanship is a core component of corporate and industrial civilization and it holds an important historic position in industrial and social civilization.展开更多
A great deal of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evidence suggests that a predominant temperature drop and an aridiflcation occurred at ca. 4.0 ka BP. Palaeoclimate studies in China support this dedution. The co...A great deal of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evidence suggests that a predominant temperature drop and an aridiflcation occurred at ca. 4.0 ka BP. Palaeoclimate studies in China support this dedution. The collapse of ancient civilizations at ca. 4.0 ka BP in the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia has been attributed to climate-induced aridification. A widespread alternation of the ancient cultures was also found in China at ca. 4.0 ka BP in concert with the collapse of the civilizations in the Old World. Palaeoclimatic studies indicate that the abrupt climate change at 4.0 ka BP is one of the realizations of the cold phase in millennial scale climate oscillations, which may be related to the modulation of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) over the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, this study conducts a numerical experiment of a GCM with SST forcing to simulate the impact of the weakening of the THC. Results show a drop in temperature from North Europe, the northern middle East Asia, and northern East Asia and a significant reduction of precipitation in East Africa, the Middle East, the Indian Peninsula, and the Yellow River Valley. This seems to support the idea that coldness and aridification at ca. 4.0 ka BP was caused by the weakening of the THC.展开更多
基金the National Key Research Development Program of China(2016YFC0208901 and 2017YFC0212100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71722003 and 71690244)。
文摘China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China.We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management.Emission control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007.Since 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy.Increasing ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions.Fundamental improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.
文摘塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿系哈佛大学政府系讲座教授及约翰·M·奥林战略研究所(John M. Olin Institute for strategic Studies)所长。曾在卡特政府国家安全委员会任职,为当时国家安全事务顾问布热津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)的左右手。并经常担任美国国务院、国防部、中央情报局等部门角色。政治上,他以保守出名。曾因支持越南战争及卷入诸多中央情报局研究项目等原因,一度被人斥为“疯狗”及“学政复合体成员”(academic-political Complex)。学术上,他以当代马基姆维里(NiccoloMachiavelli)自诩,一向以提出极具争议的观点或理论闻名于学术界。他的十来种学术著作大多探讨当代重大政治、国际关系等领域的理论问题,在学术上颇多建树。
文摘The spirit of craftsmanship applies to every trade. In the context of opportunities arising from the new industrial revolution and China＇s transition towards high-end manufacturing, Premier Li Keqiang put forward the concept of the spirit of craftsmanship. This paper reckons that the spirit of craftsmanship can be defined from six dimensions including dedication, standard, precision, innovation, perfection and human care. In fact, the spirit of craftsmanship abounds in China, as illustrated by the examples of Tongrentang and Haier. In comparing the three manufacturing powers of Germany, Japan and the United States, this paper reveals the differences in the connotations of the spirit of craftsmanship across these countries. According to specific national conditions and development stage, China must achieve structural re-engineering of corporate organizations at the level of firms, products, divisions and modules. In a nutshell, the spirit of craftsmanship is a core component of corporate and industrial civilization and it holds an important historic position in industrial and social civilization.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China(G1998040900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40005004 and 40205011.
文摘A great deal of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evidence suggests that a predominant temperature drop and an aridiflcation occurred at ca. 4.0 ka BP. Palaeoclimate studies in China support this dedution. The collapse of ancient civilizations at ca. 4.0 ka BP in the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia has been attributed to climate-induced aridification. A widespread alternation of the ancient cultures was also found in China at ca. 4.0 ka BP in concert with the collapse of the civilizations in the Old World. Palaeoclimatic studies indicate that the abrupt climate change at 4.0 ka BP is one of the realizations of the cold phase in millennial scale climate oscillations, which may be related to the modulation of the Thermohaline Circulation (THC) over the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, this study conducts a numerical experiment of a GCM with SST forcing to simulate the impact of the weakening of the THC. Results show a drop in temperature from North Europe, the northern middle East Asia, and northern East Asia and a significant reduction of precipitation in East Africa, the Middle East, the Indian Peninsula, and the Yellow River Valley. This seems to support the idea that coldness and aridification at ca. 4.0 ka BP was caused by the weakening of the THC.
