摘要
对于文明的含义,古今中外的学者有不同的认识。目前,中国学者形成了三种代表性观点,即积极成果说、进步程度说和价值体系说;西方学者也形成了三种代表性观点,即进步状态说、要素构成说和文明文化一体说;马克思主义认为,文明具有实践性、历史性和发展性。因此,概而言之,文明是指人类社会发展的历史阶段,是人类改造自然和改造社会的积极成果,是一个民族、国家、地域或具有共同精神信仰的群体的精神财富和物质财富的总和。文明与文化既有相同点也有差异性。二者的联系表现在:(1)文化与文明的创造主体都是人;(2)文化与文明都是生产实践的产物;(3)文明是文化的内在价值,文化是文明的外在表现形式。二者的区别在于:词源含义、产生的时间、所蕴涵的内容和传播的途径、方式均不同。
The civilization is the sum of spiritual wealth and the material wealth of a nation, the country, the region or the community having the common spiritual belief. The civilization and the culture have both the same and the difference. The connection of the two shows： firstly, the creating subject of the culture and the civilization all are the human; secondly, the culture and the civilization all are products of the production practice; thirdly, the civilization is the cultural intrinsic value, the culture is the external manifestation of the civilization. The difference of the two displays： the meaning of the origin of the word, the time of producing, the containing content and the way of dissemination all are different.
出处
《学习与探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第1期66-73,共8页
Study & Exploration
