摘要
目的了解2012—2017年西安市细菌性痢疾的流行病学特征,更好地指导防控工作。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2012—2017年西安市细菌性痢疾的发病数据进行分析。结果共报告细菌性痢疾18 450例,年均发病率35.23/10万,呈逐年下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=1 059.74,P<0.01)。全年均有发病且有明显的季节性特征,高峰月份为5—10月,报告病例数占病例总数的66.36%(12 243/18 450)。城区年均发病率(48.85/10万)高于郊县(21.71/10万)(χ~2=2 740.10,P<0.01),其中未央区最高(73.01/10万),户县最低(5.50/10万)。病例职业构成以散居儿童、学生和农民为主,共占病例总数的64.48%(11 896/18 450),其中农民占比逐年下降(χ_(趋势)~2=4.00,P<0.05)。发病率最高的是0～4岁人群(292.71/10万),其次是≥85岁人群(69.56/10万)。细菌性痢疾实验室检出率较低(13.18%),但有逐渐上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=18.97,P<0.01)。结论西安市细菌性痢疾防控形势仍比较严峻,应在高发地区的重点人群中采取有针对性的防控措施,有效降低其发病水平。
[Objective]To explore the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Xi’an City from 2012-2017,guide prevention and control work.[Methods]The data of bacterial dysentery in City from 2012-2017 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]Totally 18 450 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported,and the average annual incidence of 35.23/lakh,showing a downward trend(χtrend2=1 059.74,P<0.01).The cases occurred the whole year,and peak season appeared May to December,which the reported cases accounted for 66.36%(12 243/18 450)of total cases.The average annual incidence in urban area(48.85/lakh)was higher than that in suburb(21.71/lakh)(χ2=2 740.10,P<0.01),while the average incidence was the highest in Weiyang District(73.01/lakh)and the lowest in Huxian County(5.50/lakh).The occupations of the cases were mainly scattered children,students and peasants,totally accounting for 64.48%(11 896/18 450),and the proportion of peasants declined year by year(χtrend2=4.00,P<0.05).The incidence rate was the highest in children between 0-4 years old(292.71/lakh),followed by people above 85 years old(69.56/lakh).The laboratory diagnostic rate of bacillary dysentery was low(13.18%)and showed an upward trend(χtrend2=18.97,P<0.01).[Conclusion]The control and prevention of bacillary dysentery in Xi’an City is still grim.Control measures focusing on the target people should be taken in the high-incidence areas,thus effectively reducing the incidence.
作者
崔彩岩
魏争
CUI Cai-yan;WEI Zheng(Central Office,Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710054,China;Infectious Disease Control Section,Gaoling Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710200,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第9期1232-1234,1239,共4页
Occupation and Health
关键词
细菌性痢疾
发病率
流行病学特征
Bacillary dysentery
Incidence
Epidemiological characteristics
