摘要
中央政府(高层政府)的集权与地方政府(低层政府)的分权一直是多级治理体系中一个两难的选择困境。高层集权有利于资源的集中、政策的制定,利于改革的统一推进以及财政等资源的有效分配;低层分权则有利于调动地方政府的积极性与创造性,充分挖掘地方资源,实现地方治理能力的最大发挥。反之,高度的集权又容易抑制地方创新,弱化地方行政责任,导致地方的行政低效;高度的分权,又使地方在改革中得不到中央的有效支持,出现法律缺失、财政不足等问题。通过美国(加利福尼亚州)与澳大利亚两地在处理城市废水循环项目中的措施来分析多级治理体系中权力结构对改革效率的影响。研究表明,在两种治理体系中,当面对相同的改革障碍和改革动力时,两地的改革能力与政策效果是不同的。
The centralization of power of the central government(higher-level government) and the decentralization of power of local government(lower-level government) have always been a dilemma in multi-level system of governance.Centralization can contribute to the resources-concentrating and the policy-making, in order to facilitate the reforms in the financial and other resources and provide effective guarantee. Decentralization is conducive for the lower local government to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity to fully excavate the local resources to achieve the maximum capacity of local governance. Whereas a high degree of centralization will suppress the local innovation, weaken the local administrative responsibilities, resulting in inefficiency of the local administration. The high degree of decentralization will make the local government lose effective support from the central authorities in the reform and may result in legal deficiency and financial shortage. Through observing the efforts in dealing with urban wastewater recycling project in both the United States(California) and Australia, this paper attempts to analyze the influence of the power structure of the multi-level governance system on the reform efficiency. The research shows that, in both of the governance systems, when faced with the same obstacle in the process of reform and reform motivation, the reform ability and the policy success are different as well.
出处
《华中师范大学研究生学报》
2014年第3期34-39,共6页
Central China Normal University Journal of Postgraduates
关键词
多级体系
城市治理
权力结构
水循环
服务提供
multi-level system
urban governance
power structure
water circulation
services delivery
