摘要
环境保护的监督管理体制是环境管理的关键,比较中日环境保护监督管理体制有助于深化对我国的认识并得出改进意见。中日两国环保监管机构的产生背景和发展脉络各不相同,但进入21世纪后都有了稳固的趋势。日本中央环保监管机构设置相较科学、工作任务向全球环境治理转变,而我国中央机构设置相对冗杂,工作任务着重于国内污染防治。日本地方公共团体对环境保护承担整体性责任,我国环境法也有相关规定,但在实践中落实存在问题。中央与地方的环保监管权限划分也应是监管体制的内容之一,日本中央和地方关系呈现出平等合作、中央不断还权于地方的趋势,而我国中央和地方关系则体现出权力逐渐集中的趋势。对比之下,我国在机构设置上应更注重协调性与综合性、权限分配上应更注重地方政府的主体性与能动性、配套制度建设上应强化政府整体责任、完善民主参与制度等。
The supervision and management system of environmental protection is the key to environmental management and the comparison of the supervision and management system of environmental protection between China and Japan will help to deepen the understanding of the supervision and management system of environmental protection in our country and obtain the suggestions for improvement. The establishment background and the development path of the environmental protection regulators in China and Japan are quite different, but both of which have a stable trend in development since the 21st century. The establishment of the central environmental protection regulator in Japan is relatively scientific and its work task is changing to the global environmental governance, while the central environmental protection regulator in China is relatively miscellaneous and our work task focuses on domestic pollution prevention. The local public groups in Japan assume the overall responsibility for environmental protection and the environmental law of China also has relevant provisions, but there are problems in the practical implementation. The division of environmental supervision power between central government and local government should also be one of the contents of supervision and management system. In Japan, the relation of the central government and local government presents a trend of equal cooperation and central government＇ s continuous return of power to the local government, while the relation of the central government and local government in China presents a trend of concentration of power. In contrast, China should pay more attention to the coordination and comprehensiveness in organization establishment, the local government＇ s subjectivity and activity in division of power and the strengthening of the overall responsibility of government and the improvement of the system of democratic participation in supporting system construction.
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2017年第3期14-20,97,共8页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）
基金
国家社科基金项目"区域环境保护府际协作法律机制研究"(16BFX135)
湖南师范大学生态文明研究院开放基金项目"生态文明建设法治保障评价指标体系研究"(20151211)
关键词
中日比较
环境保护监督管理体制
权限划分
地方公共团体
政府责任
comparison between China and Japan
supervision and management system of environmental protection
division of power
local public group
government responsibility
