摘要
旅游企业家精神作为旅游业发展的重要驱动力,是旅游研究中的热点议题。以旅游企业家精神为研究对象,在对30年国外旅游企业家精神研究历程、研究方法、案例地分布总结的基础上,重点对旅游企业家精神个人、企业、社会三个尺度的内涵和外显企业家能力特征,以及政治环境、文化环境、经济环境、技术环境等四大社会因素对其影响研究进行了综述,并构建了旅游企业家精神的内核系统。总结发现:旅游企业家精神的核心内涵为创业、地方认同、开拓、创新、协作与担当精神;旅游企业家能力是企业家精神的外显,客户服务、人力资源管理、成本控制、战略规划和评估、市场营销与社会网络资本等6种能力尤为重要;旅游企业家精神、企业经营能力、企业经营活动与价值诉求呈现动态互动关系。最后,提出旅游企业家精神的内聚外塑性、多层次性、多阶段性、中西差异性是未来的研究重点。
As an important driving force for the development of tourism,stimulating and protecting entrepreneurship are vital to the tourism industry,which has been one of hot topics in tourism academy.Considering the entrepreneurship of tourism enterprises as the research object,the article firstly studied research process,methodology,the distribution of case study in tourism entrepreneurship research over thirty years,then,focused on the previous findings of three scales of entrepreneurship on individual,enterprise,society and the explicit characteristic of entrepreneur ability,and summarized four major impact factors on tourism entrepreneurship,for instance,the social and political environment,social and cultural environment,the economic environment and the technology environment.The conclusion is that the core characteristics of tourism entrepreneurship are entrepreneurial spirit,local identity spirit,pioneering spirit,innovation spirit,and responsibility spirit.The formation of tourism entrepreneurship is helpful to enhance the contribution of tourism enterprise business activities,and the enhancement of tourism enterprise business activities is conducive to the cultivation of tourism entrepreneurship.On the whole,the relationship between tourism entrepreneurship and tourism business activities is affected by four environmental factors:social politics,social culture,economy and technology.Finally,the author puts forward the research prospect of tourism entrepreneurship with the characteristics of cohesion and plasticity,multi-level,multi-stage and difference between China and the west.
作者
张灵丹
罗芬
ZHANG Lingdan;LUO Fen(College of Tourism,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第2期122-130,共9页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）
基金
湖南省哲学社会科学基金“湖南旅游企业家精神研究”(19YBA377)
湖南省教育厅科学研究课题重点项目“湖南新乡贤参与农村社区治理路径和方式研究”(18A164)
湖南省学位与研究生教育改革研究重点项目“旅游类研究生实践创新能力培养的实践与探索”(2019JGZD042)。
关键词
企业家精神
个人—企业—社会
旅游企业家
国外
研究进展
影响因素
entrepreneurship
individual-enterprise-society
travel entrepreneur
abroad
research progress
interaction
