摘要
由于生物技术专利的持有人较多且交易成本较高,极易导致生物技术专利领域出现反公地悲剧,从而影响生物技术的研发与应用。交易成本较高时,理论上对法定权利采取责任规则的形式更为有效。强制许可和专利永久禁令适用之例外是专利责任规则的保护形式,但强制许可在实践中并不能有效解决反公地悲剧问题。可以通过专利永久禁令适用之例外的方式来解决生物技术专利的反公地悲剧问题。也可通过生物技术专利池的方式来解决反公地悲剧的问题。生物技术专利池的构建应尽量降低构建成本,采取灵活的许可方式。
Holders of biotechnology patents are diversified, plus high transaction cost, leading to the tragedy of anti-commons in the field of biotechnology patents, and affecting the development and application of biotechnology. When transaction costs are high, theoretically it is more effective to adopt liability rules for entitlement. The compulsory license and exception to permanent patent injunction are the forms of liability rules, but in practice, compulsory license cannot effectively solve the problem of anticommons, which can be solved by exception to patent permanent injunction. Patent pool is also an option to address the anti-commons problem. The construction of biotechnology patent pool should minimize the construction cost and adopt flexible licensing modes.
出处
《知识产权》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期64-79,共16页
Intellectual Property
关键词
生物技术专利
反公地悲剧
强制许可
永久禁令适用之例外
专利池
biotechnology patents
tragedy of anti-commons
compulsory license
exceptions to permanent injunction
patent pools
