摘要
在被告人逃匿或死亡案件中确立违法所得没收制度,标志着一种刑事对物之诉机制在我国得到确立。而在被告人到场案件中引入对物之诉机制,不仅可以有效地限制法院在涉案财物追缴方面的自由裁量权,为被告人、被害人及其他利害关系人参与诉讼活动创造条件,而且符合审判中心主义改革的理念,可以提高司法裁判的公信力。要构建刑事对物之诉机制,就要调整对物之诉与对人之诉的关系,确定对物之诉的程序模式。与此同时,在引入一种"有独立请求权的第三人"理论的基础上,需要对被害人参与对物之诉的方式作出恰当的制度设计,对其他利害关系人的诉讼地位给予适当的安排。在刑事诉讼中引入对物之诉机制,将使涉案财物追缴成为独立的诉讼标的,促成司法裁判形态的多元化,并使得涉案财物追缴程序被纳入诉讼化的轨道。
The establishment of the confiscation system of illegal income in cases where criminal suspects or defendants escape or die marks the establishment of a mechanism of action in rem in China. The introduction of this mechanism in the case in which the defendant is present can not only effectively limit the court’s discretion in the case of the recovery of the property involved, but also create conditions for the defendants, victims and other interested parties to participate in the litigation activities. It also conforms to the idea of centralism judgement reform and can improve the credibility of the judicial judgment. In order to construct the mechanism of action in rem, we should clarify the relationship between the action in rem and the action in personam, and determine the procedure of this mechanism. At the same time, on the basis of introducing a theory of 'the third party with independent claim', it is necessary to make a proper system design for the way of the victim participating in the action in rem. And it is necessary to make appropriate arrangements for other interested parties’ status in litigation. The introduction of the action in rem in the criminal procedure will make the recovery of the property involved become an independent subject matter of litigation, promote the diversification of judicial judgment, and brings the recovery of the property involved into track of the litigation.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期204-223,共20页
China Legal Science
