摘要
为预防高校安全事件,营造良好校园安全氛围,从社会心理学角度分析大学生不安全行为发生机制。首先基于马斯洛需要层次理论,阐述优势需要的含义,并分析大学生在不同优势需要情景下的行为特征,探究其行为发生的心理动机;其次基于期望理论构建大学生不安全行为发生机制的期望模型,并应用该模型解释大学生在宿舍内违规使用电器的行为发生过程,提出降低大学生不安全行为发生概率的对策措施。结果表明:优势需要是大学生行为表现的心理动机;不安全行为的激励水平是大学生表现不安全行为的判断依据,受大学生主观因素的影响;可以通过优化行为动机、提高其知识水平、培养其健康心理等措施来降低其作出主观错误决定的概率。
For preventing university safety events and creating a good campus safety climate,this paper analyzes the occurrence mechanism of unsafe behavior of college students from the perspective of social psychology. Based on Maslow ’ s hierarchy of needs,the behavior characteristics of college students in different dominant needs were analyzed,the psychological motivation of college students’ unsafe behavior was explored. Then,a expectancy model was built for the occurrence mechanism of college students ’unsafe behaviors based on expectation theory. After that,this model was used to explain the behavioral process of using electrical appliances in violation of dormitory regulations,and also to discuss how to reduce the probability of unsafe behavior of college students. The results show that dominant needs determine the behavior of college students,that the expectation model reveals that the unsafe behavior of college students is mainly due to their subjective cognition and judgment,and that their subjective error decisions can be reduced by improving their own safety awareness,safety cognition and safety capability.
作者
安宇
翟存利
方莹倩
许素睿
佟瑞鹏
AN Yu;ZHAI Cunli;FANG Yingqian;XU Surui;TONG Ruipeng(School of Emergency Management&Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Department of Safety Engineering,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期27-32,共6页
China Safety Science Journal
基金
北京市哲学社会科学基金资助
首都大学生思想政治教育重点项目(BJSZ2017ZD08)
关键词
大学生
不安全行为
优势需要
期望理论
安全能力
college students
unsafe behaviors
dominant needs
expectancy theory
safety capability
