摘要
文章从'数'范畴的类型学视角切入,首先区分'同质复数'和'连类而及'两种复数类型,认为后者属于立场范畴;接着将这一划分与生命度等级结合,推测驱动世界语言中数范畴的演化动力分为'数'和'立场'两种,进而引出论点:汉语的复数标记是在纯粹立场表达需求的驱动下产生的。为了支持这一观点,文章大致勾勒了汉语复数标记的产生和演变过程,重点考察了上古时期'侪、曹、属、等'四个标记,元代'每'标记和现代汉语'们'标记在立场表达上的表现。不出所料,汉语复数标记在产生之初显示出较强立场倾向性,相比'数'范畴,更像是(正)同盟立场范畴标记;元朝大量使用的'每'标记具有类似上古汉语复数标记的特点,同时期的其他复数标记的立场功能却已经泛化。而现代汉语中的'们'缀作为'每'的继承形式,立场上却更偏向于表达反同盟——文章对这种转变进行了解释,认为这不是立场极性发生反转,而是立场意义淡化的表现。
From the perspective of linguistic typology,we distinguish two types of plurality,'real plurality'and'categorical plurality',and classified the latter as an expression of stance.Then,based on this distinction and the'animacy hierarchy',we hypothesize that the worldwide development of'Number',as a linguistic grammatical category,is motivated by plurality,stance taking or both,and that the plural pronoun in Chinese is purely driven by the need of expressing stance.To prove this point of view,we sketch the diachronic development of Chinese plural markers,emphasizing on the stance function of 6 markers,Chai(侪),Cao(曹),Shu(属),Deng(等)(Ancient Chinese),Mei(每)(Yuan Dynasty)and Men(们)(Modern Chinese).It is observer that that the 4 markers of ancient Chinese are more like alignment stance markers than plural markers.'Mei(每)',which is widely used during the Yuan Dynasty,also bears the prominent alignment stance function;at the same time,stance functions of old markers seem to disappear.As the modern Chinese variant of'Mei(每)','Men(们)'to express disalignment stance than alignment.We argue that it is because of the weakening of the stance function rather than the reversing of stance polarity.
作者
张帆
翟一琦
陈振宇
Zhang Fan;Zhai Yiqi;Chen Zhenyu
出处
《语言研究集刊》
CSSCI
2017年第2期126-147,382,共23页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“现代汉语句法与语义计算研究”(项目批准号13YJA740005)的支持
关键词
人称代词
复数
立场
同盟
反同盟
personal pronoun
plurality
stance taking
alignment
disalignment
