摘要
随着互联网技术的快速发展,认知训练也开始表现出在线化的特点。线上认知训练系统采用互联网技术,使受训者可以在多种移动设备或电脑终端上进行训练。它还可以实时反馈训练成绩,进行训练提醒,使之成为一种不受时空约束的大众化认知训练方案。本文分析和总结了目前主流的线上认知训练研究,主要将关注点集中在使用较广泛的工作记忆训练、注意力训练和加工速度训练三大方面。分析结果显示,线上工作记忆训练近迁移效应明显,但对流体智力等的远迁移效应一直存在争议,没有得到一致的结论。线上加工速度训练和注意力训练则表现出较好的近迁移和远迁移效应。而对于训练效果的保持,研究者们对这三类训练都持保留意见,且存在一定争议。未来的研究应该多注重采用纵向追踪研究,以考察训练效果的保持效应;用相对客观的脑成像技术(如f MRI等)来揭示认知训练的脑机制;此外,还应该深入探究训练迁移的根本原因,注重研究训练时间与训练获益之间的关系。
With the rapid development of Internet,cognitive training embodies online characteristics.The online cognitive training system uses Internet technology,which can train participants by all kinds of mobile devices or computer terminals.Meanwhile,they can receive training results feedback and prompt reminders of the training in real-time.In present study,we analyzes and summarizes the current mainstream online cognitive training software.Also,We primarily focuses on the most widely three online training program aspects:working memory,attention and speed of processing.The result shows that online working memory training has obvious near transfer effect.However,the result indicates that there was no consistent evidence for far transfer to the fluid intelligence.The training of online processing speed and attention can show better near transfer and far transfer effect.At the same time,there are some controversy about the maintenance of those online training effect.Based on the above results,this study put forward the following suggestions for future research:laying emphasis on longitudinal follow-up study design to explore the maintenance effect of training,carrying out experiments in combination with relatively objective brain imaging techniques(e.g.,fMRI)to detect the brain mechanism of the training effect,probing into the root cause of the training effect and identifying the relationship between the amount of training and training benefits.
作者
申婉丽
张舒涵
黄小璐
魏雷
何清华
SHEN Wanli;ZHANG Shuhan;HUANG Xiaolu;WEI Lei;HE Qinghua(Faculty of Psychology,Key lab of Cognition and Personality,Southwest University,Chongqing400715,China;Southwest University Branch,Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University,Chongqing400715,China;Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science,Chongqing400715,China)
出处
《心理技术与应用》
2019年第11期671-682,共12页
Psychology(Techniques and Applications)
基金
国家自然科学基金(31972906)
重庆市人力资源与社会保障局2017年留学人员回国创业创新支持计划(cx2017049)
中央高校基本科研业务费(SWU1809003)
中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心2016年度秋季学期研究生自主课题(SCSM-2016A2-15003)
关键词
认知训练
工作记忆训练
注意力训练
加工速度训练
迁移效应
cognitive training
working memory training
attention training
speed of processing training
transfer effect
