摘要
在青藏铁路沿线进行植被恢复不仅可以促进沙质土壤理化性质的改善,同时植物的防风固沙功能对铁路的安全运营起到了重要作用,具有显著的生态和经济效益。通过对青藏铁路西格段沿线5种不同类型恢复模式下土壤及植被的调查,分析不同恢复措施对林下植物多样性以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:人工林恢复模式的地上生物量和生产力因林龄和林分配置不同而不同,小叶杨(Populus simonii)-柽柳(Tamatix chinensis)林生产力最高(1.92 t·hm-2·a-1),其次为柽柳纯林(1.87 t·hm-2·a-1);各模式均增加了林下植物的多样性,其中:沙棘(Hippophaer hamnoides)-柠条(Caragana korshinskii)林内有6科8属8种植物,柽柳纯林有7科9属10种,但不同模式下优势种不同。5种恢复模式均提高了土壤水分含量;人工灌木林在改善土壤碱化程度上比乔木林效果更好:沙棘-柠条林和柽柳纯林表层(0～20 cm)土壤pH分别降低了1.05和0.75; 5种恢复模式均提高了土壤有机质含量,并且表现出由表层向深层逐渐减小的"表聚"现象,柽柳纯林土壤有机质增加最为明显:表层含量达12 g·kg-1,比恢复前增加了近1倍。这一研究结果为青藏铁路沿线的沙漠化防治和植被恢复中恢复模式的选择提供了理论依据。
Vegetation restoration along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can not only improve soil physicochemical properties,but also plays an important role in the safety operation of the railway through the wind resistance and sand-fixing function of plants,with significant ecological and economic benefits. Through the investigation of soil and vegetation under five restoration modes along the Xining to Golmud section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway,we analyzed the effects of restoration modes on understory plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that the aboveground biomass and productivity of the plantations were different due to stand age and allocation. The highest productivity occurred in Populus simonii-Tamatix chinensis plantation( 1.92 t·hm-2·a-1),followed by T. chinensis plantation( 1.87 t·hm-2·a-1). All modes increased understory plant diversity,with eight species in the Hippophaer hamnoides-Caragana korshinskii plantation and ten species in the T. chinensis plantation. The dominant species were different among different modes. Soil moisture increased in all the five restoration modes. The effects of shrub plantation on improving soil alkalinity were better than other modes. In the plantation of H. hamnoides-C. korshinskii and T. chinensis,the pH of surface soil( 0-20 cm)decreased by 1.05 and 0. 75,respectively. All the five restoration modes increased soil organic matter content( SOM),with more enhancement in surface than deep soil. The SOM in the T.chinensis plantation increased most obviously,with the surface SOM content of 12 g·kg-1,which was nearly doubled compared with that before restoration. Our results provide theoretical basis for desertification control and the selection of restoration modes along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
作者
任康
郭坤
郑景明
周金星
王进昌
REN Kang;GUO Kun;ZHENG Jing-ming;ZHOU Jin-xing;WANG Jin-chang(Forestry College of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company,Xining 810006,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第3期627-636,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201504401)资助
关键词
青藏铁路
沙化
植被恢复
土壤性质
Qinghai-Tibet Railway
desertification
vegetation restoration
soil property
