摘要
慈善市场与现代慈善事业相伴而生,实现供需平衡是慈善市场的天然追求。由于信息不对称,我国慈善市场存在严重的结构性失衡:捐助数量上的失效、捐助伦理上的失序和捐助主体间的失衡。结构性失衡既影响了社会底线公平,也影响社会对慈善事业的认同与参与热情。信息不对称是多维和多层的,总体上可分为主观层面和技术层面的信息不对称。慈善市场也具有层次性,主要由Ⅰ类市场(以社会捐献为主)和Ⅱ类市场(以政府补贴为主)构成。分类考察后发现,"信息缺位和信息盲视下的冲动型配置"是我国慈善市场资源对接过程的真实写照,故优化信息生态刻不容缓。优化信息生态的主要路径包括树立"信息"意识,明确资源配置应以结果和需求为导向;认清慈善信息的独特性;加强信息制度建设,如完善信息采集、披露和共享、评估的机制,并强调应由政府领衔信息生态的建设。
With the emergence of modern philanthropy, supply and demand balance in the philanthropic market has become an instinctive pursuit of policy-makers. There exists a severe problem of structural disequilibrium in China' philanthropic market, i.e., the small size ofthe donation, distorted morality, and imbalance among donors. This further endangers social equity, social identification of philanthropy, as well as social participation. Information asymmetry is both multi-layered and multi-dimensional. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of information asymmetry—subjective and technical. Moreover, the philanthropic market consists of two sub-markets, i.e., the Type-I market dominated by social donation and Type-II market by government grants. Based on a close observation of the philanthropic market, we assert that the operation process could be described as 'impulsive allocation under information asymmetry'. It's more than urgent to optimize the information ecology of the philanthropic market in China. We propose several ways to mitigate the problem of information asymmetry, including the establishment of information 'consciousness', better recognition of peculiarities of philanthropy, and the government-led construction of information institutions.
出处
《社会保障评论》
CSSCI
2017年第3期96-115,共20页
Chinese Social Security Review
基金
福建省社会科学基金项目"政府购买服务与社会保障的公共性"(2014B215)
关键词
慈善市场
资源配置
结构性失衡
信息不对称
philanthropic market
resource allocation
structural disequilibrium
information asymmetry
