摘要
建立在公共假设、效用最大化和纳什假定之上的慈善公共物品理论得到的结论与经验明显不符,而建立在放弃效用最大化的假设之上的纯利他主义模型在政府捐赠的挤出效应上存在完全相反的两种结论。在公共物品的总供给是否独立于收入的分配上也存在不同观点,而且理论证明,在较大的经济体中没有人给予公共赠予。因此,慈善经济学只有转向“互惠”假设才能较好地解释慈善行为动机。事实上,在人类行为中,互惠是一种普遍存在的现象,慈善活动也不例外。
The result of public good theory of philanthropy rests on the publicness assumption, utility maximization and Nash conjectures incompatible with theory and experience.Pure altruism model rested on dropping the assumption of utility maximization induces two antithesis that results in the “crowd effect” of government's donation, people disagree on the supply of public good independence income distribution.And it is proved that there would be no people giving in large charities. So economics of philanthropy rested on assumption of reciprocity would explain the charity motivation. In fact, reciprocity is normative in human activities including charity exception “economic man”and altruism.So,only resting on hypothesis of reciprocity,economics of charity motivation could overcome the crisis.
出处
《学术研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第7期5-12,147,共9页
Academic Research
