摘要
目的探讨全面两孩政策下育龄妇女的二孩生育意愿现状及影响因素。方法采用横断面调查研究设计,于2017年5月至2018年6月基于中国五省市(北京市、陕西省、甘肃省、四川省、福建省)采用分层随机抽样调查,共纳入976名20~40岁育龄妇女为研究对象。调查内容主要包括人口学特征,政策实施前后二孩生育意愿、性别倾向等生育意愿特征变量。采用非条件Logistic回归分析两孩政策实施后育龄妇女生育意愿的影响因素。结果全面两孩政策实施前后整体二孩生育意愿上升了20.59%(31.76%vs 52.35%)。77.25%的育龄妇女理想子女数为两个;62.26%的育龄妇女表示对二孩的性别没有倾向;50.09%育龄妇女预期的二孩生育间隔为3~5年。生育意愿亚组分析显示居住地和婚育状态是全面两孩政策实施前后生育意愿转变显著的影响因素(χ~2值分别为7.95和9.18,均P<0.05)。全面两孩政策实施后,25~29岁及30~34岁年龄组育龄妇女的二孩生育意愿显著高于20~24岁年龄组(OR:1.71,95%CI:1.11~2.62;OR:2.15,95%CI:1.37~3.60);城市和郊区育龄妇女的二孩生育意愿显著低于农村地区(OR:0.28,95%CI:0.18~0.44;OR:0.41,95%CI:0.24~0.70);随着教育水平和家庭月收入的增高,二孩生育意愿显著降低,其中大学及以上教育水平OR值为0.45,95%CI:0.22~0.90,月收入≥12 000元OR值为0.61,95%CI:0.34~0.96;职业为农民和家庭主妇的二孩生育意愿显著较高(OR:3.28,95%CI:1.88~5.73;OR:1.77,95%CI:1.02~3.09)。结论全面两孩政策的实施后,政策效应已初步显现;其中25~34岁、农村居民、中低收入水平、中低教育水平育龄妇女可能为二孩生育的主要人群。
Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of fertility desire of childbearing age women under the Universal Two-child Policy.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used for design of the metod.From May 2017 to June 2018,a stratified random sample survey was conducted based on five provinces and cities in China(Beijing,Shaanxi,Gansu,Sichuan,and Fujian provinces),and a total of 976 women at childbearing age between 20 and 40 years old were included.The survey content mainly included the demographics characteristics,the fertility desire characteristics of the second child before and after the implementation of the policy.Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of fertility desire to have a second child after the implementation of the Universal Two-child Policy.Results After the implementation of the policy,the overall fertility desire increased by 20.59%(31.76%vs 52.35%).77.25%of women expressed ideal number of children number as two;62.26%of them indicated that there was no gender preference for the second child,and 50.09%of them expected the interval of birth of the second child to be 3 to 5 years.The subgroup analysis of fertility desire showed that the residence,the marriage and childbearing status of women were significant factors influencing the change of fertility desire before and after the implementation the policy(χ~2 were 7.95 and 9.18,respectively,P<0.05).After the implementation of the policy,the fertility desires for a second child among the 25-29 year old and 30-34 years of age groups were significantly higher than that of the 20-24 age group(OR:1.71,95%CI:1.11-2.62;OR:2.15,95%CI:1.37-3.60);the fertility desire for the second child among urban and suburban women was significantly lower than that of rural areas(OR:0.28,95%CI:0.18-0.44;OR:0.41,95%CI:0.24-0.70).With the increase of education level and family monthly income,the fertility desire was significantly reduced.The OR for the university and above education level was 0.45,95%CI:0.22-0.9
作者
尚丽
黄丽燕
寇乐乐
杨文方
漆翠芳
慕丽红
王珊珊
辛娟
余丽雯
Mei Chun Chung
SHANG Li;HUANG Liyan;KOU Lele;YANG Wenfang;QI Cuifang;MU Lihong;WANG Shanshan;XIN Juan;YU Liwen;Mei Chun Chung(The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an710061,Shaanxi,China;Xi'an Health Commission,Xi'an710007,Shaanxi,China;Qingyang Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center,Qingyang745000,Gansu,China;Sanming Health and Family Planning Commission,Sanming365000,Fujian,China;Department of Public Healthand Community Medicine,Tufts University School of Medicine,Boston02111,Massachusetts,U.S.A)
出处
《中国妇幼健康研究》
2019年第9期1064-1069,共6页
Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research
基金
陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2019SF-100)
西安市科技计划项目[201805098YX6SF32(1)]
延安市卫生和计划生育局资助项目(HX201640)
西安市卫生和计划生育委员会资助项目(HX201549)
关键词
全面两孩政策
生育意愿
育龄妇女
横断面研究
Universal Two-child Policy
fertility desire
child-bearing age women
cross-sectional study
