摘要
日语表示空间距离远近的形容词「遠い「」近い」在格助词的选择上呈现出了明显的不对称「:近い」既可选择「から」也可选择「に」,而「遠い」基本不可以与「に」共现。针对上述现象,本文从认知语言学的"虚拟位移"的角度做出了进一步的分析「。Xから近い」侧重为X与另一个地点Y之间的距离长度定量,即"量度功能";而「Xに近い」则侧重通过X来确定Y的位置,即"定位功能"。这种语用功能的差异产生于二者在虚拟位移类型上的不同「:Xから近い」把X与Y之间的距离识解为某个虚拟的位移实体由X移动到Y的过程,即"指示路径";而「Xに近い」则把X与Y的位置关系识解为Y向着X靠近后的结果,即"出现路径"。而「Xに遠い」之所以很难成立,是因为当X与Y相距甚远时,无论是用X去为Y定位,还是把二者的位置关系想象为Y向X靠近后的结果,都不符合人们的一般认知规律。
Tooi and chikai, Japanese adjectives that indicate spatial distance, show markedly asymmetrical patterns when selecting case markers: chikai can choose both kara and ni, whereas tooi can only co-occur with kara in most cases. This paper makes further analysis from the viewpoint of 'fictive motion'. While X kara chikai he former serves to measure the distance between X and another location Y, X ni chikai serves to locate Y by invoking X as a reference point. These differences of functions are based on contrasting types of fictive motion: X kara chikai views the distance between X and Y as an 'access path',along which a fictive entity moves from X to Y, whereas X ni chikai construes the spatial relationship between X and Y as an 'advent path', which results from Y itself approaching X. The marginality of X ni tooi comes from the fact that when Y is a long way from X, neither locating Y via X nor regarding the spatial relationship between them as a result of Y approaching X accords with the way the mind usually works.
作者
郑若曦
Zheng Ruoxi(Beijing Foreign Studies University,China.)
出处
《日语学习与研究》
CSSCI
2019年第1期31-37,共7页
Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research
基金
2018年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目"日语中起点与终点的不对称性问题研究"(项目批准号:2018JJ010)的阶段性成果
项目主持人:郑若曦
关键词
虚拟位移
定位功能
指示路径
出现路径
fictive motion
location function
access path
advert part
