摘要
傣族自来以陶器著称。《百夷传》云:'百夷人(傣族先民)……所用多陶器。'直至现代,傣族仍保留传统制陶方法,而邻近的其他民族多不会制陶。据我掌握的线索,仅就滇西南傣族而言,截至1980年代初,至少还有30个村寨保持着传统的制陶业。笔者从1960年代到1980年代曾陆续调查其中的12个村寨。
Since the 14th century AD to the latest, Dai (Thai) people have lived in complex society, but they still keep the traditional pre-wheel pottery-making technology passed down from prehistoric times. Dai pottery-making is important and valuable for analogy in the archeological study of ceramics.
From the 1960s through the 1980s, the author had conducted ethnoarchaeological fieldwork on Dai pottery-making in 12 villages. His approach was a combination of participation in pottery-making activities, interviewing potters, inventorying their tools and pottery objects, and observing the distribution and burying of sherds on the ground and garbage pits near pottery-making households, markets and firing places or kilns.
According to the author's investigation, the Dai pottery-making ways can be classified into four categories: (DA simple coiling method, firing in the open air. (2) Coiling on the turntable turned slowly with the potter's toes, firing in the 'fuel oven' ('dung oven'). (3) Small vessels may be made using the throwing force by rotating the turntable quickly, firing in a roofless earthen kiln. Women make pottery in their spare-time for the first three categories. (4) Coiling on a small turntable turned by the potter's hand, firing in a roofed brick kiln. Full-time male craft specialists control the work in the last case.
The following six issues concerning pottery in archaeological study are discussed in this paper; (1) producers and users; (2) distribution and exchange; (3) specialization; (4) standardization; (5) pottery and ethnic identification; (6) pottery and social change.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第2期241-262,共22页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
