摘要
汉晋文献中常见的"鹿车"一词多是指我国古代民间普遍使用的一种手推独轮小车,对于"鹿车"的称名来源,学者意见存在很大分歧。笔者通过分析走马楼西汉简中出现的"井鹿车""鹿车"等语词,并比较汉画像砖等考古图像资料,图文互证,推测"鹿车"的称名可能与"井鹿车"有关,作为独轮车的"鹿车"可能是由"井鹿卢"发展而来的。此外,"鹿卢"与"辘轳"有较大区别,二者形制不同,且"辘轳"是后起词,未见于汉代以前的文献,因此"辘轳"与"鹿车"的称名没有关联。"鹿车"这一称名作为实用运载工具的使用时期不限于两汉魏晋南北朝,甚至到隋朝,仍被广泛使用。唐宋时期开始出现"独轮车"这一名称,"鹿车"虽不再作为实用运载工具在文献中出现,但却作为一种意象屡见于唐诗宋词中。
The common term Lu che appearing in the transmitted literature from Han and Jin times usually refers to the a type of a small hand-propelled vehicle like wheelbarrow,which was widely used in the ancient civil society.Yet,there are different opinions regarding the origin of this term.This paper investigates terms such as Jing lu che,Lu che and other relevant materials in the interpretations of Zoumalou Western Han bamboo slips.In comparison with the archaeological evidence concerning the images in the Chinese Portrait brick,it verifies that the Jing lu che is highly likely a derivation of the Lu che.In addition,it argues that there is great distinction between the pulley and windlass regarding their structure and appearance,and the latter did not appear in the historical documents before the Han times,so the windlass has no connection to the Lu che.In the Han,Wei-Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,even the Sui Dynasty,the term of Lu che has been widely used as a practical vehicle.From the Tang to the Song Dynastes,the term wheelbarrow came into use.However,the term Lu che did not appear in the historical documents as a practical vehicle any longer,but it was often applied in Tang and Song poetry as a kind of imagery.
出处
《出土文献》
2020年第3期106-114,158,共10页
Excavated Documents
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“长沙走马楼西汉简的整理与研究”(17ZDA181)阶段性成果
关键词
走马楼
汉简
鹿车
井鹿车
鹿卢
Zoumalou
Western Han bamboo slips
Lu the
Jing lu che
pulley
