摘要
英语是主述位控制的语言。主位是信息的起点,述位是对信息的阐述。主位和述位共同构成了信息流,同时,英语的主谓结构与主述位结构几乎相同。汉语是话题主宰的语言,话题位于句首,是信息的起点。说明是跟在后面的内容,是对话题的扩展。在汉语中,话题-说明结构主要分为两类:主谓结构和非主谓结构,其中,后者占多数。由于英汉两种语言在主述位结构和话题-说明结构上的巨大差异,在英译汉时,或者将主述位结构在不改变语序的情况下直接译为汉语话题-说明结构中的主谓结构;抑或对主述位结构进行重组,找出适当的话题,译为汉语话题-说明结构中的非主谓结构。在对2013年奥巴马国情咨文的源语和目的语进行分析时,此法非常有效。这样,翻译出的汉语就会更自然、更地道。
English language is ruled by a Theme-Rheme structure. Theme serves as the starting point of a message while Rheme is about the Theme. They constitute a information flow. Meanwhile, a Subject-Predicate pattern in English almost means the same as a Theme-Rheme pattern.Chinese language, on the other hand, is dominated by Topic. The topic takes the initial position of a message. It is followed by Comment, which says something about the topic. Generally, a Topic-Comment structure consists of SV and non-SV patterns, among which the latter makes up a majority. The difference in English and Chinese results in two translation strategies. For one thing, a thematic structure, without any change of word orders, can be directly translated into a SV pattern in a topic-comment structure. For another, it has to be restructured into non-SV pattern. It helps to apply the strategy in the target text of Obama’s State of the Union address.In this way, Chinese version can be natural and idiomatic.
出处
《海外英语》
2015年第23期147-149,共3页
Overseas English
关键词
主述位
话题-说明
国情咨文
Theme-Rheme structure
Topic-Comment structure
