摘要
"十三五"市场监管规划要求尽快在中国建立并完善消费仲裁制度。消费仲裁旨在通过仲裁解决消费者和经营者间的消费合同纠纷,其在法律原则、保护法益、关注的主体人格和法律价值上的理念特殊。中国消费仲裁存在理念尚未形成、制度缺失、实践运行障碍等问题。美国消费仲裁路径多样、程序灵活高效、规则能够有效适用,但也存在仲裁协议的达成方式和内容可能对消费者不公平的问题。为此,其建立了消费仲裁条款审查制度。中国消费仲裁可从中获得启发:明确消费仲裁理念;尽快实现制度供给,设置独立机构、制定专门的消费仲裁规则;积极推进并规范消费仲裁实践,创新其协议达成机制、引入消费仲裁条款审查程序、保留消费者的特殊诉讼权利。
“The 13th Five-Year”market regulatory planning require to establish and improve the consumer arbitration system in China as soon as possible.Consumer arbitration is a regime to solve the contract disputes between consumers and businesses by arbitration,which holds special ideas on legal principles,legal interests,personality of disputed subjects and legal values.There are several problems in China's consumer arbitration:The idea of consumer arbitration has not yet formed;The institutional supply is still missing;A variety of obstacles have emerged in operation.Consumer arbitration in the United States has multiple paths and flexible,efficient procedures.Its private regulation of consumer arbitration can be applied effectively.However,the way by which the parties conclude a pre-dispute arbitration agreement and the content of it may be unfair to consumers,which is an issue for American consumer arbitration.In order to solve this problem,the United States established a review process of consumer arbitration clauses for protocol compliance.China should selectively learn from the US,put forward the improvement program of consumer arbitration.The idea of consumer arbitration should be introduced and developed.The institutional supply of consumer arbitration should be achieved as soon as possible,which includes establishing independent consumer arbitration entities and developing special consumer arbitration regulations.In addition,China should actively promote and regulate the practice of consumer arbitration,which means we could reform the mechanism of reaching consumer arbitration agreement,bring in the review process of consumer arbitration clauses and retain consumers'rights to seek relief through special litigation procedures,such as small claims and class action.
作者
姚敏
YAO Min(Law School,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029 China)
出处
《河北法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期147-163,共17页
Hebei Law Science
基金
2013年度国家社科基金项目<我国格式条款立法缺陷的清理及修法方案研究>(13BFX090)的阶段性研究成果
对外经济贸易大学2015年"研究生科研创新"重点项目<集体救济视角下的消费者保护研究>的阶段性研究成果
国家留学基金资助
关键词
消费仲裁
消费合同
正当程序协议
仲裁条款审查
特殊诉权保留
consumer arbitration
consumer contract
due process protocol
review process of consumer arbitration clauses
reservation of special litigation procedures
