摘要
目的分析公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况的影响因素,为有效改善公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况提供参考依据。方法2022年1—12月在马鞍山市主城区抽取17家使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所。依据GB/T18204.5—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第5部分:集中空调通风系统》采集、检测和评价样品,采用广义估计模型进行数据分析。结果采集17家公共场所集中空调通风系统样品246份,合格样品203份,合格率为82.52%。采集集中空调通风系统风管内表面样品159份,合格率为79.87%;其中,细菌总数合格率为54.72%,真菌总数合格率为70.44%。采集空调送风样品53份,合格率为96.23%;其中,细菌总数合格率为24.53%,真菌总数合格率为47.17%,β-溶血性链球菌合格率为94.34%。广义估计模型结果显示,商场(超市)空调细菌总数合格率显著高于宾馆(OR=5.287,95%CI:1.108~25.232)。空调使用年限>5年的细菌总数合格率显著低于0~≤5年者(OR=0.160,95%CI:0.036~0.716)。风管清洗>2次/年的细菌总数合格率显著低于0~≤1次/年者(OR=0.265,95%CI:0.117~0.605)。小型(<300RT)冷却塔的细菌总数合格率显著低于大型(>500RT)冷却塔(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.036~0.717)。空调套数为2套的场所真菌总数合格率显著高于空调套数为1套的场所(OR=2.288,95%CI:1.069~4.896)。冷却塔所在或紧邻(即300 m内)的建筑物为人流量较大场所的真菌总数合格率显著高于冷却塔所在或紧邻(即300 m内)的建筑物为高人流量的场所(OR=1.914,95%CI:1.132~3.234)。结论本研究揭示了公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况的主要影响因素,这对指导改善其卫生状况具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the hygiene status of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public places,and provide reference for effectively improving the hygiene status of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places.Methods From January to December 2022,17 public places using centralized air conditioning ventilation systems were selected in the main urban area of Ma'anshan City.Samples were collected,tested,and evaluated according to GB/T 18204.5-2013"Public Health Inspection Methods Part 5-Centralized Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems",and a generalized estimation model was used for data analysis.Results A total of 246 samples of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems were collected from 17 public places,of which 203 were qualified,with a qualification rate of 82.52%.A total of 159 samples were taken from the internal surfaces of centralized air conditioning ventilation ducts,with an overall compliance rate of 79.87%.Among them,the qualified rate of total bacterial count was 54.72%,and the qualified rate of total fungal count was 70.44%.A total of 53 samples were obtained from the air outlets of air conditioning units,showing a high compliance rate of 96.23%.Among them,the qualified rate of total bacterial count was 24.53%,the qualified rate of total fungal count was 47.17%,and the qualified rate ofβ-hemolytic streptococcus was 94.34%.The results of the generalized estimation model showed that the qualified rate of total bacterial count in air conditioning in shopping malls(supermarkets)was significantly higher than that in hotels(OR=5.287,95%CI:1.108-25.232).The qualified rate of total bacterial count for air conditioners with a service life of>5 years was significantly lower than that for those with 0-≤5 years(OR=0.160,95%CI:0.036-0.716).The qualified rate of total bacterial count for air duct cleaning>2 times/year was significantly lower than that for 0-≤1 time/year(OR=0.265,95%CI:0.117-0.605).The qualified rate of total bacterial c
作者
陈芳
刘洋
王剑青
CHEN Fang;LIU Yang;WANG Jianqing(Department of Legal and Inspection,Branch for Maanshan Health Integrated Supervision and Enforcement,Ma'anshan,Anhui 243000,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2024年第18期2533-2538,共6页
Occupation and Health
关键词
公共场所
集中空调
卫生监督
危险因素
Public places
Centralized air conditioning
Health supervision
Risk factors
