摘要
目前关于评价活动的分类理论,大都基于评价对象的不同领域来简单划分,对具体评价活动的指导作用有限。综合考虑评价的环境和条件、评价的方法和技术、评价客体的规模、评价组织的可行性等因素,提出“鹰式评价+蛙式评价”分类框架理论:鹰式评价覆盖的对象多,评价者距离评价对象现场远,着重于识别评价对象中的优秀者,评价深度和精准度不高,评价目的主要为日常管理服务;蛙式评价中,评价者和被评价者往往是上下级关系,针对性强,被评对象少(甚至一个),评价过程要求准确、全面、深入,评价目的一般是为某种临时的或特殊的目的服务。此评价活动分类框架尝试超越具体学科领域,通过对大学评价活动、职称评审活动“、以刊评文”现象等示例进行解释与预测来检验其应用于各类评价实践活动的价值与意义,表证其对评价实践的指导作用,为评价科学理论大厦的建设做出框架性贡献。
Evaluative activities have become widespread in everyday life and there is an urgent need of up⁃dated theoretical frameworks for such practices.However,ways to categorize evaluative activities have remained at a relatively intuitive stage where subjects of evaluation are often characterized based on similar attributes;thus,the usefulness of such a categorization framework is limited.To address this challenge,the present study puts forward eagle-and frog-vision evaluations and aims to elaborate on the differences and similarities in these two distinct types of evaluation as well as the scope for their applicability.This new categorization frame⁃work will enable researchers to delve into the causes of various limitations and even errors associated with evalu⁃ative activities,therefore making the implementation and development of evaluation activities in various fields smoother.In the face of a modern world of evaluations characteristic of ever-increasing complexity and diversi⁃ty,the main purpose of this paper is to give rise to a new theoretical framework that goes beyond specific disci⁃plines and can be used to play the guiding role in as many kinds of evaluative practices as possible.It is also hoped that this new categorization framework will add to the foundation upon which the evaluation sciences build.
出处
《高教发展与评估》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期12-24,I0002,I0003,共15页
Higher Education Development and Evaluation
基金
国家社科基金项目“中国哲学社会科学领域独创性成果的识别方法研究”(22BTQ063)。
关键词
评价活动
评价科学
评价方法
鹰式评价
蛙式评价
evaluative activities
evaluation science
evaluation method
eagle-vision evaluation
frog-vi⁃sion evaluation
