摘要
开展沉水植物群落的周年动态变化及其影响因子研究,有助于理解湖泊水生植物生长规律,同时也是现阶段实施沉水植被生态修复工程的基础。本研究通过对洱海沉水植物主要分布湖湾之一的西沙坪湾进行为期近1年的野外调查,分析了湖湾沉水植物群落的周年动态变化及水环境影响因子,结果表明:1)湖湾年内沉水植物生物量呈单峰分布,轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)分别主导了西沙坪湾上、下半年的群落结构类型。金鱼藻群落8月生物量达到最大值,金鱼藻的过度生长导致湖湾群落物种丰富度下降,群落结构趋向于单一化。2)水体透明度和营养盐浓度是驱动湖湾群落结构动态变化的主要环境因子。7—10月随总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数等营养盐浓度的升高,湖湾水体透明度下降,金鱼藻种群优势度上升,湖湾7月底完工的沉水植被恢复工程仍未改变后期金鱼藻占优的格局。建议在夏季对优势种金鱼藻和轮叶黑藻进行适当收割,雨季减少外源负荷输入,以促进底层生物的生长,改善湖湾沉水植被群落结构,并持续跟踪评估沉水植被修复工程的生态效益。
Investigating the annual dynamic changes of submerged macrophyte communities and their influencing factors was helpful to understand the growth laws of aquatic plants,and it was also the basis for implementing the ecological restoration project of submerged vegetation at this stage.In this study,based on the field investigation of Xishaping Bay for nearly one year,one of the main distribution bays of submerged macrophyte in Erhai Lake,we analyzed the annual dynamic changes of submerged macrophyte communities and water environmental impact factors in the bay.The results showed that:1)The biomass of submerged macrophyte in the bay showed unimodal distribution,and Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum dominated the community structure types in the upper and second half of Xishaping Bay respectively.The biomass of C eratophyllum demersum community reached the maximum in August.Moreover,the species richness of the community decreased due to the overgrowth of Ceratophyllum demersum,and the community structure tended to be homogeneous.2)Water transparency and nutrient concentration were the main environmental factors driving the dynamic changes of community structure in the bay.From July to October,with the increase of nutrient concentration such as total phosphorus,total nitrogen and permanganate index,the transparency of lake water decreased,and the population dominance of canopy Ceratophyllum demersum increased.The submerged vegetation restoration project completed at the end of July in the bay still did not change the dominant pattern of Ceratophyllum demersum in the later period.It was suggested that the dominant species of Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata should be harvested properly in summer,and the input of exogenous load should be reduced in rainy season,so as to promote the growth of bottom organisms,improve the community structure of submerged vegetation in the bay,and continuously track and evaluate the ecological benefits of submerged vegetation restoration projects.
作者
张秋媛
左艳洁
高登成
杨四坤
窦嘉顺
ZHANG Qiu-yuan;ZUO Yan-jie;GAO Deng-cheng;YANG Si-kun;DOU Jia-shun(Guizhou Chemical Research Institute,Guiyang 550002,China;Dali Erhai Lake Research Institute,Dali 671099,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2024年第9期65-70,共6页
Environmental Ecology
基金
大理州财政项目资助。
关键词
沉水植物
群落结构
周年动态
环境驱动因子
生态修复工程
Submerged macrophyte
community structure
annual dynamics
environmental driving factors
ecological restoration project
