摘要
为探究“十年禁渔”前沱江中游江段鱼类资源和物种多样性,于2017—2020年对该江段鱼类资源进行了8次调查,并对鱼类种类组成、生态类型、群落相似度、种群优势度、生物多样性以及群落结构稳定性等特征进行分析。结果显示,本次调查共采集鱼类87种,隶属于5目14科52属。其中,长江上游特有鱼类18种,外来物种6种,分别占总种类数的20.69%和6.90%。鱼类群落以底层、缓流型、产沉性卵、杂食性鱼类为主。相对重要性指数(IRI)显示,蛇、鲤等中小型鱼类为优势种。Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Pielou指数变化范围分别为2.700~3.742、0.873~0.968、5.374~11.323、0.737~0.887,表明沱江中游鱼类群落分布均匀。等级聚类分析(Cluster)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)显示,在一定的相似性水平上,沱江中游江段鱼类的群落类型基本可分为3组,莲花山、麻柳坝工业园与铁路沟可以聚为一组,万古庙、五里店水电站、资州大桥、银山镇、二水厂与西林渡口聚为一组,沱桥独立成组。数量/生物量比较曲线分析结果显示,西林渡口和沱桥江段鱼类群落结构稳定性相对较高,其余江段鱼类群落结构均受到中度干扰。研究表明,与历史资料相比,沱江中游鱼类群落发生了显著变化,经济鱼类占比减少,鱼类个体呈现小型化和低龄化。本研究补充了沱江中游鱼类资源现状的基础数据,以期为该江段鱼类资源管理与“十年禁渔”生态评估提供科学依据。
In order to explore the characteristics of fish community structure in the Middle Reaches of Tuojiang River before the"ten-year fishing ban",based on the catch monitoring data from ten sampling sites of this section from 2017 to 2020,the characteristics of fish species composition,ecological types,community similarity,biodiversity and community structure stability were analyzed.The results showed that 87 fish species were collected,belonging to 5 orders,14 families and 52 genera.Among which 18 species were endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and 6 species were exotic,accounting for 20.69%and 6.90%of the total species respectively.The fish community was dominated by demersal fish,sunken eggs and omnivorous fish.According to index of relative importance(IRI),the dominant fish species were small fishes,such as Saurogobio dabryi and Cyprinus carpio.Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Margalef index and Pielou index ranged from2.700 to 3.742,0.873 to0.968,5.374 to 11.323,0.737 to 0.887,respectively.As a result,the community distribution uniformity was high in the Middle Reaches of Tuojiang River.The results of cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking(NMDS)analysis showed that the fish community types of ten sections in the Middle Reaches could be basically divided into three groups at a certain level of similarity,as Lianhuashan,Maliuba industrial park and Tielugou sections formed one group,Wangumiao,Wulidian hydroelectric station,Zizhou Bridge,Yinshan,Second Water Plant and Xilin Ferry section formed one group;Tuo Bridge section formed one group independently.The abundance/biomass comparison curve showed that the fish community structure in Xilin Ferry and Tuo Bridge section was relatively stable,but moderately disturbed in the other sections.The results showed that compared with the historical data,the fish community structure in the Middle Reaches of Tuojiang River has changed significantly,the proportion of economic fish has decreased,and the fish individuals have become smaller
作者
邹远超
唐成
谢伟
严杰
李荣云
叶志祥
吴金明
黄先全
段辛斌
危起伟
ZOU Yuanchao;TANG Cheng;XIE Wei;YAN Jie;LI Rongyun;YE Zhixiang;WU Jinming;HUANG Xianquan;DUAN Xinbin;WEI Qiwei(Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,College of Life Sciences,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang 641112,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Zizhong County,Neijiang 641200,China;Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-middle Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chongqing 400000,China)
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期110-125,共16页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017—2021)”
农业农村部长江中上游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站开放课题(FRESES201901)。
关键词
鱼类群落结构
多样性
生态类型
沱江中游
fish community structure
diversity
ecological type
the middle reaches of Tuojiang River
