摘要
由于70年代中期西洱河电站建成发电引起洱海水位下降，加之流域植被破坏、水土流失及酷渔滥捕、不合理引种等原因，使洱海生态环境发生了变迁。湖泊面积缩小5％左右，容积减少14％左右；浮游动植物、底栖动物的种群结构、数量发生明显变化；土著鱼种类和数量急剧减少；水生维管束植物覆盖面积达27％，生物总量达56．3万t。为此提出保持水位，植树造林，控制点、面源污染，适度捕捞及加强管理等综合治理对策。
Erhai Like situated at the west of Yunnan (100°0’-100°17’E, 25°36’-25°58’N),has a catchment area of 2 565 km2, surface area of 250 km2, mean depth of 10.5mand maximum depth of 20.5m. The main ecological environmental problems of ErhaiLake are: (1) decrease of water level and water resources, (2) increase of areal co-verage and biomass of aquation vegetation, (3) aboriginal fish slowly depleted, (4)oyerfishing, (5) destruction of the wa8hed forc8t, soil cro3ion, (6) loading of nitro-gen and phosphorus due to the increase of agricultural production around Erhai Lake,(7) pollution of the waves.This paper presents some countermeasures to solve the problems:(1) Control water level.,(2) Afforestation in the watershed to prevant soil erosion.(3) Control overgrowth of aquatic plants in the lake.(4) Implement and perfect the administrative system and pass protective legisla-tion for Erhai Lake.
出处
《海洋与湖沼》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1994年第3期312-318,共7页
Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica
