摘要
为探明夏玉米在不同生育期对不同形式和历时涝渍胁迫的响应规律,在夏玉米拔节期、抽雄期和灌浆期分别设置1、3、5 d单涝,3、5、7 d单渍和先涝后渍组合胁迫试验,分析各涝渍胁迫对夏玉米产量及其构成、果穗性状、干物质损失和分配的影响。研究结果表明:①拔节期涝渍胁迫使夏玉米减产最多,灌浆期次之,抽雄期最少。3种涝渍胁迫中先涝后渍胁迫减产幅度最大。各生育期夏玉米受同种涝渍胁迫后的减产幅度随胁迫时长的增加而增大。拔节期涝水时长超过3 d都可能使玉米绝收;抽雄期和灌浆期减产最多的均为先涝5 d后渍5 d胁迫,产量显著下降49.1%和82.4%。②百粒重和穗粒数共同影响夏玉米产量,不同生育期涝渍胁迫对两者影响幅度不同。拔节期单涝、先涝后渍胁迫主要减少百粒重;拔节期、灌浆期单渍胁迫和抽雄期、灌浆期先涝后渍胁迫主要减少穗粒数;抽雄期单渍胁迫一并影响穗粒数和百粒重;抽雄期、灌浆期单涝1 d、3 d主要影响百粒重,5 d主要影响穗粒数。③涝渍胁迫使夏玉米果穗性状指标受到影响。涝渍胁迫发生在拔节期使穗长和穗粗变短,抽雄期主要影响穗长,灌浆期主要影响穗粗。涝渍胁迫使夏玉米秃尖长度和秃尖比增加,进而导致产量损失。灌浆期涝渍胁迫对秃尖长度和秃尖比影响最明显。④涝渍胁迫导致夏玉米干物质损失和分配比例变化。拔节期涝水时长超过3 d使籽粒占比归零,穗轴占比降低。抽雄期涝渍胁迫主要影响干物质在茎叶和籽粒间的分配,穗轴占比无明显变化。灌浆期涝渍胁迫使干物质在茎叶、籽粒和穗轴间的分配均受到影响。
In order to investigate the response pattern of summer maize to different forms and durations of waterlogging stress at different fertility periods,surface waterlogging(1,3,5 d),subsurface waterlogging(3,5,7 d)and combination of surface waterlogging followed by subsurface waterlogging stress experiments were conducted at the jointing stage,the tasseling stage and the grain filling stage of summer maize,and to analyze the effects of the various waterlogging stresses on the yield of summer maize and its composition,spike traits,and the loss and distribution of dry matter.The results showed that①Waterlogging stress during the jointing stage resulted in the greatest reduction in summer maize yield,followed by the grain filling stage,and the least at the tasseling stage.Among the three kinds of waterlogging stresses,surface waterlogging followed by subsurface waterlogging stress had the most severe impact in terms of yield reduction.The yield reduction of summer maize exposed to the same waterlogging stress at each fertility stage increased with the increase of stress durations.The waterlogging stress durations of more than 3d in the jointing stage may make the maize harvest zero;the yield reduction in the tasseling stage and the grain filling stage was the most for 5 days of surface flooding followed by 5 days of subsurface waterlogging,and the yields were significantly reduced by 49.1%and 82.4%.②100-grain weight and the number of grains per spike jointly affect the summer maize yield,different fertility stages of waterlogging stress on the two different magnitudes of effect.Surface waterlogging stress or surface waterlogging followed by subsurface waterlogging stress in the jointing stage primarily affected the 100-grain weight;subsurface waterlogging stress at the jointing stage or grain filling stage and surface waterlogging followed by subsurface waterlogging stress at the tasseling stage or grain filling stage mainly reduced the number of grains per spike;subsurface waterlogging stress affected the number of
作者
孙博
吕海深
朱永华
王怡宁
周超
高佩
方晶晶
卢怡然
王启猛
SUN Bo;LÜHai-shen;ZHU Yong-hua;WANG Yi-ning;ZHOU Chao;GAO Pei;FANG Jing-jing;LU Yi-ran;WANG Qi-meng(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Province,China;Anhui&Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station,Bengbu 233000,Anhui Province,China;The Huaihe River Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources,P.R.C,Bengbu 233000,Anhui Province,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2024年第8期94-101,109,共9页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830752)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071033)
国家青年基金项目(52109029)。
关键词
夏玉米
涝渍胁迫
涝渍历时
产量
淮北平原
summer maize
waterlogging stress
duration of waterlogging
yield
Huaibei Plain
