摘要
【目的】探讨淮北平原冬小麦各生育阶段的干旱特征和干旱趋势,以期进一步认识淮北平原农业干旱规律,给田间灌溉管理和提高作物产量提供科学依据。【方法】利用1986—2018年淮北平原砂姜黑土区的土壤含水率数据,分析冬小麦各生育阶段在水分上对产量起决定作用的关键土层,利用关键土层含水率计算干旱严重指数(Drought Severity Index,DSI)并评定干旱等级,采用Mann-Kendall检验法(M-K检验法)、滑动T检验法分析干旱变化趋势,并对比气温突变年(1994年)前后的干旱特征及变化趋势。【结果】①1986—2018年淮北平原冬小麦播种—出苗期以轻旱和中旱为主,仅发生1次重旱;出苗—灌浆期只发生轻旱和中旱;灌浆—成熟期发生3次重旱和5次特旱;②播种—出苗期干旱呈显著下降趋势,出苗—返青期干旱在2007—2012年呈显著下降趋势,其他生育阶段干旱无显著变化趋势,且冬小麦全生育期内无干旱突变年;③气温突变年(1994年)后,冬小麦各生育阶段、各等级干旱的干旱频率均大于突变前,且极端干旱有加剧趋势。【结论】淮北平原在气温突变年后干旱愈加频繁,且极端干旱加剧,未来应注意加强冬小麦灌浆—成熟期的灌溉,及时补充土壤水分以防出现极端干旱。
【Objective】Winter wheat in Huaibei plain experiences temporal water stress during its growing season.This paper investigates the characteristics and trends of the droughts in attempts to help improve agricultural management in this region.【Method】Soil in the studied region is Shajiang black soil.Soil moisture measured from 1986 to 2018 was used to analyze the key soil layers that influence wheat yield and to calculate the drought severity index(DSI).The Mann Kendall test and sliding T-test were used to analyze the drought trends and compare the characteristics of drought before and after sudden temperature changes.【Result】From 1986 to 2018,the wheat experienced mild and moderate droughts during the sowing-emergence stage,and it only encountered one severe drought.From the dormancy stage to heading stage,only mild and moderate droughts were identified.During the maturity stage,three droughts and five extreme droughts were recorded.From 2007 to 2012,the frequency of drought was declining in the sowing-emergence stage and dormancy stage.There were no significant changes in drought in other growth stages.Following sudden temperature changes,the frequency and degree of droughts at different growth stages both increased.【Conclusion】A sudden temperature change resulted in an increase in drought frequency and intensification of extreme drought.Future work should focus on improving irrigation during the maturity stage and timely replenishing soil moisture to mitigate the impact of extreme droughts.
作者
方逸敏
朱永华
吕海深
王振龙
潘莹
许海婷
FANG Yimin;ZHU Yonghua;LYU Haishen;WANG Zhenlong;PAN Ying;XU Haiting(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology,Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Key Laboratory on Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province,Anhui&Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Hefei 230088,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期9-15,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830752)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071033)。
关键词
淮北平原
冬小麦
干旱特性
砂姜黑土
Huaibei plain
winter wheat
drought characteristics
Shajiang black soil
