摘要
目的:探究不同水平排球运动员接发球知觉预测过程中的视觉-运动认知加工特征。方法:选取21名国家一级及以上高水平排球运动员(专家组)和21名高校体育教育专业大学生(新手组),运用眼动和功能性近红外光谱成像技术,同步考察不同水平排球运动员在知觉预测过程中的行为表现及大脑神经机制。结果:1)专家组正确率显著高于新手组(P<0.05),反应时显著低于新手组(P<0.05);2)专家组瞳孔直径和眼跳幅度均显著低于新手组(P<0.01);3)专家组右侧背外侧前额叶、右侧额极区和左侧腹外侧前额叶激活均显著低于新手组(P<0.01);4)专家组正确率与瞳孔直径和眼跳幅度均呈显著负相关(P<0.05);专家组正确率与右侧背外侧前额叶激活水平和左侧腹外侧前额叶激活水平均呈显著负相关(P<0.05);专家组右侧背外侧前额叶激活水平与瞳孔直径呈显著正相关(P<0.05);左侧腹外侧前额叶激活水平与瞳孔直径和眼跳幅度均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:专家组排球运动员在知觉预测过程中表现出专项认知优势。其视觉搜索模式更为精简、明确;在右侧背外侧前额叶、右侧额极区和左侧腹外侧前额叶表现出较低的激活水平;视觉信息捕捉与前额叶加工和处理具有耦合性,知觉预测快速且有效,表现出认知加工自动化的特征。
Objective:Exploring the visual-motor cognitive processing characteristics in the Process of perceptual prediction of serve-receiving in volleyball players at different levels.Methods:21 highlevel volleyball players at national first-grade level or above(expert group)and 21 physical education majors from volleyball clubs(novice group)were selected.Eye-tracking and functional near-infrared spectroscopy technologies were utilized to synchronously investigate the behavioral performance and neural mechanisms of the brain during the perceptual prediction process in volleyball players at different levels.Results:1)The accuracy of the expert group was significantly higher than that of the novice group(P<0.05),and the reaction time was significantly lower(P<0.05);2)both the pupil diameter and saccadic amplitude of the expert group were significantly lower than those of the novice group(P<0.01);3)the activations level of R-DLPFC,frontal pole region,and L-VLPFC in the expert group were significantly lower than those in the novice group(P<0.01);4)there was a significant negative correlation between the accuracy and both pupil diameter and saccadic amplitude in the expert group(P<0.05),the accuracy in the expert group showed a significant negative correlation with the activation levels in the R-DLPFC and L-VLPFC(P<0.05),the activation level in the R-DLPFC in the expert group was significantly positively correlated with pupil diameter(P<0.05),while the activation level in the L-VLPFC was significantly positively correlated with both pupil diameter and saccadic amplitude(P<0.05).Conclusions:Expert volleyball players show special cognitive advantages in the process of perceptual prediction.Their visual search patterns are more concise and clear;they show lower activation levels in the R-DLPFC,R-FPA,and L-VLPFC;visual information capture is coupled with prefrontal cortex processing and handling,and perceptual prediction is rapid and effective,demonstrating the characteristics of cognitive processing automation.
作者
张文
阚超
郭丽敏
刘知和
刘阳
ZHANG Wen;KAN Chao;GUO Limin;LIU Zhihe;LIU Yang(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
北大核心
2024年第5期3-11,共9页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJAZH087)
陕西师范大学高水平成果培育项目(2022BA002)。
