摘要
公共数据运营权分配的地方实践呈现行政指定、申请评估、竞价拍卖及招投标等模式的多元并进格局,但存在数据垄断风险和程序封闭的困境。实践路径分歧缘于公共数据市场化开发应用与安全风险的内在张力、公共数据权属不清等制度因素。公共数据授权运营应当超越数据界权,以公共数据资源分配的程序正义构建公共数据的开放利用秩序。比较听证制度是基于交往行为的理性建构过程,能够为利益相关方提供“理想的沟通情境”,实现程序正义,缓解公共数据授权运营的内在张力,公共数据授权运营的特许经营属性也能实现与比较听证制度的耦合。比较听证嵌入公共数据运营权分配的体系化建构,需要确立竞争性授权原则,保障竞争的公平公正;完善比较听证的制度构造,科学设置市场准入资格、听证程序、比较标准及效率补偿机制;以监管沙盒制度和可信数据治理技术消解比较听证引入公共数据运营权分配的制度困境。
The local practice of allocating public data operation rights presents a diverse pattern of administrative designation,application evaluation,auction and bidding.However,there are challenges related to data monopoly risk and closed procedures.The differences in practice paths are attributed to institutional factors such as the internal tension between market-based development and the application of public data,security risks,and unclear ownership of public data.The authorization process for public data should extend beyond boundary rights and establish an open use order with procedural justice in resource allocation.The comparative hearing system is a rational construction process based on communication behavior that can provide an"ideal communication situation"for stakeholders,achieve procedural justice,and alleviate inherent tensions in public data authorization operations.Additionally,the franchise attribute of public data authorization operations can be integrated with the comparative hearing system.Establishing competitive authorization principles is essential to ensure fairness and justice in competition within the systematic construction of comparative hearings embedded in the allocation system for public data operation rights.Furthermore,perfecting the system structure of comparative hearings involves scientifically setting up market access qualifications,hearing procedures,comparison standards,and efficiency compensation mechanisms;utilizing regulatory sandbox systems and trusted data governance technology can resolve institutional dilemmas introduced by comparative hearings.
作者
陈振其
Chen Zhenqi(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Local Legislative Research Base of Jiansu Province,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)
出处
《科技与法律（中英文）》
2024年第4期40-50,共11页
Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“公共数据权益分层构造及其合理利用研究”(23CFX015)。
关键词
公共数据
授权运营
比较听证
数据安全
分配正义
public data
authorized operation
comparative hearing
data security
distributive justice
