摘要
为优化氮肥的合理施用,研究两个土层不同比例施氮(即分层施氮)对花生氮素积累及产量形成的影响,以期发现分层施氮方式下花生结果层(土层0~10 cm)与根系集中层(土层10~20 cm)施氮量最佳比例。设9个盆栽处理:全生育期不施氮处理N0;全土层氮肥混施处理N1;单层条施处理N2、N3,施肥深度分别为8 cm、16 cm;氮肥分层条施处理N4、N5、N6、N7、N8,施在8 cm、16 cm土层深处的氮肥比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1和3∶1。每个处理施用氮肥总量为120 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明:各分层施氮处理较混施(N1),单株荚果重量均有所增加,以分层施氮比例为1:2(N5)最佳;N5处理单株荚果总数、饱果数及单株荚果重较N1(混施)分别提高了16.02%、14.17%和14.35%。分层施氮有利于促进根瘤生长,相比氮肥混施处理(N1),N5的根瘤鲜重和根瘤数量分别提高17.65%和24.89%。各分层施氮处理均增加了花生苗期、结荚期和成熟期的根、茎、叶片和荚果的干物质积累。其中,成熟期单株干物质积累量为:分层施氮处理>深施处理(N3)>混施处理(N1)>表层施肥处理(N2)>N0,不同分层施氮处理中,以N5处理干物质积累量最高。氮肥深施和分层施氮均提高了花生各个器官的氮素积累量。与N1(混施)相比,N5处理的植株氮素积累量提高27.08%、荚果的氮素积累量提高了21.33%。综上所述,分层施氮中1:2的施氮方式相比单层施氮、分层施氮中高比例氮肥浅施处理,更有利于促进花生结瘤数量的增加,促进了植株生长与氮素积累,提高了干物质积累量,进而获得较高的荚果产量。
To optimize nitrogen(N)fertilizer application,impact of N proportion in two soil layers on peanut N accumulation and yield was studied.Separated N applications were set in peanut fruiting layer(soil layer 0-10 cm)and roots centralized layer(soil layer 10-20 cm).Pot experiment was designed using 9 treatments:N0 with no nitrogen(control);N1(all-soil-layer nitrogen fertilizer mixed);single-layers as N2(N application depth of 8 cm)and N3(N application depth of 16 cm);separated layers with N4,N5,N6,N7 and N8(with N application proportions of 1:1,1:2,1:3,2:1 and 3:1 at the depth of 8 cm and 16 cm respectively).The amount of N fertilizer applied at each term was 120 kg/hm^(2).Results showed that compared with the mixed(N1),individual pod weight increased in those with layered N application.The best proportion of layered N application could be 1:2(N5).Compared with N1(the mixed),the total number of pods,full fruits number,and pods weight in N5(1:2)increased by 16.02%,14.17%,and 14.35%respectively.Layered N application benefited growth of root nodules.Compared with the mixed application(N1),nodules fresh weight and nodule numbers in N5(1:2)increased by 17.65%and 24.89%respectively.Each layered N application increased dry matter accumulation of roots,stems,leaves,and pods during 3 stages as seedling,pod-setting,and maturation of peanuts.The dry matter accumulation per plant at the maturity stage was in the order of layered N application>deep application(N3)>mixed application(N1)>shallow application(N2)>N0.Among the different layered treatments,N5 had the highest dry matter accumulation.Both deep and layered application of N increased N accumulation.Compared with N1(mixed),plant N accumulation under N5 was increased by 27.08%and N accumulation of pods increased by 21.33%.In conclusion,compared with single-layer N application,or high percentage of shallow N application,layered application of N(1:2)was more benefit to peanut nodules,also to plant growth,plant N accumulation and pod yield.
作者
常维
王建国
李子正
彭振英
郭峰
高文伟
张佳蕾
万书波
CHANG Wei;WANG Jian-guo;LI Zi-zheng;PENG Zhen-ying;GUO Feng;GAO Wen-wei;ZHANG Jia-lei;WAN Shu-bo(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期586-594,共9页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1000105)
山东省重点研发计划(2022CXPT031,ZFJH202310,2023TZXD012)
国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13)
泰山学者工程(tsqn202211275,tspd20221107)。
关键词
花生
分层施氮
产量
氮素积累
peanut
layered fertilization
yield
nitrogen accumulation
