摘要
于铁岭市花生示范基地防雨棚中进行,设正常灌水(田间持水量75%左右)和花针期干旱处理(土壤含水量自然减少持续8 d,植株萎蔫后复水至正常水处理),副处理设0、90、180 kg/hm^(2)3个氮水平,研究花针期氮对干旱条件下花生叶片光合性能与荧光特性的影响,以期为花生花针期遇干旱时合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低了土壤相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci),提高了叶绿素含量。干旱处理下Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、叶绿素含量均以90 kg/hm^(2)施氮水平最高。干旱处理下初始荧光(F_(0))显著升高,并随施氮量的增加而增大;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)都明显降低,但干旱胁迫使非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)增大。干旱处理条件下Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、ETR和qP均以90 kg/hm^(2)施氮水平最高。不施(0 kg/hm^(2))或过量(180 kg/hm^(2))施氮肥均不利于花生叶片光合作用。因此,花针期干旱胁迫条件下以90 kg/hm^(2)较适宜提高花生叶片的光合作用和荧光特性,最终获得高产。
The study was carried out in the Experimental Station of Tieling,a normal irrigation(soil water content was about 75%)and a short-term drought-stress(soil water content was naturally reduced by 8 days,and re-watered to normal after wilting)at flowering-pegging stage of peanut were set up,with three nitrogen levels(0,90,180 kg/hm^(2)),to explore the effect of nitrogen application on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of peanut under drought,thus providing reference for nitrogen application at peanut flowering-pegging stage.The results showed that soil water content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)were significantly reduced,but chlorophyll content of peanut was increased under drought-stress.Under drought-stress,Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci and chlorophyll content of 90 kg/hm^(2) treatment were the best among the three levels of nitrogen application.Under drought-stress,the initial fluorescence of leaf(F_(0))was significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen;the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm),the quantum efficiency of electron transport(ФPSⅡ),the electron transport rate(ETR)and the photochemical quenching co-efficient(qP)significantly declined,but the non-photochemical quenching co-efficient(NPQ)was significantly increased.Under drought-stress,Fv/Fm,ФPSⅡ,ETP and qP reached the highest level at 90 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application level.No application(0 kg/hm^(2))or excessive application(180 kg/hm^(2))of nitrogen fertilizer was not conducive to photosynthesis of peanut leaves.All results suggest that 90 kg/hm^(2) is the optimal nitrogen level to improve photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of peanut,and achieve high yield.
作者
修俊杰
刘学良
韩彦龙
谢志强
XIU Junjie;LIU Xueliang;HAN Yanlong;XIE Zhiqiang(Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tieling 112000,Liaoning,China)
出处
《农学学报》
2023年第6期25-31,共7页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
辽宁省科学技术厅农业攻关及产业化项目“优质、高产花生增产提效关键技术研究与集成应用”(2020JH2/10200010)。
关键词
花针期
花生
干旱
氮素
光合作用
荧光特性
flowering-pegging stage
peanut
drought
nitrogen
photosynthesis
fluorescent characteristics
