摘要
【目的】阐明黑土机械压实对玉米生长、产量及氮利用效率的影响。【方法】设置压实程度和施氮量2个试验因素,其中压实程度设置轻度压实(C1)、中度压实(C2)、重度压实(C3)3个水平;施氮量设置施用氮肥(F)和不施用氮肥(F0)2个水平;共计6个处理,每个处理重复3次。【结果】压实程度对玉米叶面积指数(LAI)和株高均有显著影响,重度压实处理下的玉米LAI和株高显著减小,施用氮肥显著影响株高,但对LAI的影响不显著。压实程度和施用氮肥对玉米产量均有极显著影响,重度压实和中度压实相比轻度压实减产24%和10%。压实程度和施用氮肥对土壤硝态氮量有极显著影响。重度压实抑制玉米生长,减少氮吸收,进而导致土壤硝态氮量增加。压实程度对玉米地上部吸氮量和总氮素积累量有极显著影响,施用氮肥条件下,3个压实处理下的玉米氮吸收量明显增加,但氮利用效率均有所下降。【结论】黑土机械重度压实严重抑制了玉米的生长,减少了作物对土壤氮素的吸收和利用,进而导致土壤硝态氮残留量增加。
【Objective】Black soil is widely distributed in northeastern China and other countries.Machinery operations in agricultural production in these regions has resulted in soil compaction.In this paper,we investigated the impact of soil compaction on growth,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in the black soil.【Method】The field experiment compared three soil compactions:low compaction(C1),moderate compaction(C2)and high compaction(C3).For each compaction,there were two fertilization treatments:nitrogen fertilization(F)and no fertilization(F0).In each treatment,we measured the growth,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the maize.【Result】Increasing soil compaction significantly reduced leaf area index(LAI)and plant height of the maize.Nitrogen fertilization affected plant height significantly but did not impact LAI at significant levels.Soil compaction also impacted grain yield significantly,with the high and moderate soil compaction reducing grain yield by 24%and 10%,respectively,compared to the light compaction.Soil compaction and nitrogen fertilization combined to impact nitrate in the soil.Elaborated soil compaction inhibited maize growth,reduced nitrogen absorption,leading to an increase in residual nitrate nitrogen in soil as a result.Soil compaction also influenced nitrogen uptake and its subsequent translocation in the above-ground part of the maize.Nitrogen fertilization increased nitrogen absorption by the crop significantly,but reduced nitrogen use efficiency,especially in the high compaction treatment.【Conclusion】Elaborated compaction of the black soil due to machinery operations severely inhibited growth,absorption and use of nitrogen of the maize,thereby leading to an increase in residual nitrate nitrogen in the soil and reducing grain yield as a result.
作者
刘天宇
周统
杨乐
马守田
刘战东
高阳
LIU Tianyu;ZHOU Tong;YANG Le;MA Shoutian;LIU Zhandong;GAO Yang(Institute of Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
2024年第4期15-21,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
中国农业科学院创新工程联合攻关重大科研任务(CAASZDRW202202)
国家“十四五”重点研发项目(2021YFD1500700)
现代玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02)。
关键词
机械压实
黑土
玉米
产量
氮利用效率
mechanical compaction
black soil
maize
yield
nitrogen utilization efficiency
