摘要
【目的】氮肥中氮素的合理释放是提高作物产量及氮素利用效率的重要措施之一,耕作方式也可显著影响氮肥施用效果。本文比较了浅旋、免耕和深松三种耕作方式下缓释肥和常规施肥对夏玉米干物质积累、叶面积指数及植株氮素积累的影响,为玉米缓/控释肥的合理应用和耕作方式的选择提供科学依据和技术支撑。【方法】试验于2013年至2014年在河南新乡进行。采用裂区设计,以耕作方式为主区,设浅旋（R）、免耕（N）和条带深松（S）3种耕作方式;肥料类型为副区,设不施氮（CK）、缓释肥（SRF）和常规施肥（CCF）3个处理。【结果】相同耕作方式下,缓释肥处理的夏玉米产量及氮肥利用效率显著高于常规施肥;相同肥料处理,其条带深松耕作的夏玉米产量及氮肥利用效率显著高于浅旋和免耕直播处理。各处理中,以条带深松下的缓释肥处理产量及氮肥利用效率最高,显著高于其他处理,其中两年产量平均增幅为13.4%~59.2%,氮肥农学利用效率（AEN）增幅为27.9%~72.7%,氮素表观利用率（REN）增长15.1~55.7个百分点。分析表明,干物质积累和氮素积累,尤其是花后干物质和氮素积累的增加是产量提高的主要原因。在N、R和S三种耕作方式下,缓释肥处理的花后干物质积累量较常规施肥分别提高13.0%、12.7%和18.7%;花后氮素积累量分别提高14.4%、16.8%和17.8%,其中条带深松耕作的增幅显著高于浅旋和免耕直播。条带深松下缓释肥处理花后干物质和氮素积累量显著高于其他处理。【结论】与传统耕作方式和施肥方式相比,条带深松耕作和缓释肥的施用均显著提高了夏玉米的产量及氮素利用效率,各处理中以条带深松耕作下缓释肥处理的夏玉米产量及氮素效率最高,因此,条带深松深施缓释肥可作为黄淮海区一项有效的合理耕作与施肥措施。
【Objectives】N release dynamics of fertilizers plays an important role in increasing yield and nitrogen efficiency of maize. Soil tillage practice has remarkable influence on nitrogen use efficiency as well. In this paper,effects of a slow-release fertilizer with different tillage practices on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of summer maize were compared, to identify the optimum soil tillage for the application of the slow-release fertilizer.【Methods】Two factors split plot expernments were conducted in Henan from 2013 to 2014 with summer maize as materials. The main factor was three soil tillage management,rototilling（ R）,no-tillage（ N） and sub-soiling（ S）;The subplot treatments were nitrogen fertilizer; slow release fertilizer N 270 kg / hm2,conventional fertilizer N 270 kg / hm2（ 40% as basal application and 60% at the beginning of male tetrad stage）,and no nitrogen fertilizer（ control）. 【Results】Under the same tillage,the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the slow release fertilizer treatment are higher than those of applying the conventional fertilizer,and the differences are the greatest under the sub-soiling tillage. Among the tillage treatments,the yield of the slow release fertilizer treatment under the sub-soiling tillage（ S-SRF） is 13. 4%- 59. 2% higher than those of other treatments,while the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of nitrogen（ AEN） and recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen（ REN） of S-SRF are 27. 9%- 72. 7% and 15. 1- 55. 7 percentage points higher,respectively,compared to those for other treatments. The yield and NUE increases are mainly affected by the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation（ especially post-silking）. The post-silking dry matter accumulation of applying the slow release fertilizer is 13. 0%,12. 7%and 18. 7% higher,respectively,compared to those for the conventional fertilizer treatments under rototilling,notillage,and sub-soiling. Furthermore,the post-silking nitrogen accumulation of applying the slow
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第3期821-829,共9页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203096)
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B00
2013BAD08B00)资助
关键词
夏玉米
缓释肥
耕作方式
产量
干物质积累
氮素积累
氮素利用效率
summer maize
slow-release fertilizer
soil tillage
grain yield
dry matter production
nitrogen accumulation
nitrogen utilization efficiency
